Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
The objective of the project was to evaluate the extension and reasons of pesticide contamination of drinking water wells in an area with intensive cultivation of potatoes and small grains on fluvial deposits. Most of the households in the field drinking water was supplied from simple groundwater wells, consisting of 5/4 - steel pipes with filter tips, hammered down to the groundwater zone. The area was assumed to be vulnerable to groundwater pollution as permeable deposits covered the major part of the area. High concentrations of pesticides had also been found in groundwater wells in a pilot project. In the project extension and causes of pesticide contamination of the drinking water wells have been assessed from: Soil properties, properties of deeper deposits, hydrogeology and groundwater flow, localisation and use of washing sites and agricultural practise, simulations of groundwater flow around washing sites and wells, simulations of diffuse pesticide leakage from soil and monitoring contents of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater samples from drinking water wells. The results show that most of the pesticide contamination to the groundwater in water could be explained by diffuse leakage from soil after application of normal doses of pesticides on the fields. Some few higher concentrations can be explained by point sources. The investigation supports the hypothesis that the high concentrations of metribuzin and metalaksyl in samples of drinking water in the pilot project, were caused by point source contamination from washing sites. Changes in the attitude among the farmers and procedure for spraying after increased focus on the risk of pesticide pollution might have caused a better procedure for handling of pesticides. The combination of washing sites and drinking water wells requires a high degree of attention and knowledge about pesticides, soil and water. Knowledge from the project has brought into focus the question; how to practice the approval and use of pesticides to reduce contamination. Should pesticides be given general approvals or whether approvals might include restrictions within areas with high risks of groundwater contamination. The last approach will move responsibility to the end-users and will also require adequate advisory tools and services.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Nye forsøk viser at norske sorter av engkvein, krypkvein og rødsvingel jamt over har grovere blad og mindre skuddtetthet, men langt bedre overvintringsevne enn importerte sorter av samme art. De norske sortene har derfor en naturlig plass i frøblandinger til golfbaner i høgereliggende områder. Til tross for lav prioritert og flere avbrudd i foredlingsarbeidet har det kommet en del norske grøntanleggssorter på markedet. Jamt over viser disse bedre overvintringsevne enn de importerte sortene. Golfbaner med årvisse overvintringsskader vil derfor kunne spare store beløp på å ta de norske sortene med i frøblandingene. Samtidig vil vi sterkt beklage at Graminor AS har valgt å avslutte all norsk foredling av gras til grøntanlegg.
Sammendrag
Conventional extreme value statistics and the calculation of return periods implicitly assume stationarity of distributions and statistical independence at least asymptotically (most extreme events).We demonstrate, using a collection of river runoff time series from Southern Germany, that these assumptions are invalid, and that temporal as well as spatial correlations prevail instead: temporal differences of distributions are nearly synchronized within a region, and there are systematic trends of percentiles especially at low flow conditions within the 20th century.As a consequence, the estimated return periods of a given threshold flow are fluctuating, in some cases even in a dramatic fashion. On the other hand, a general trend towards an increase in flood frequencies cannot be stated on basis of our investigations, in accordance with other recent findings (Mudelsee et al. 2003), but contrary to general expectations drawn from climate change studies.