Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Sammendrag
Seedlings from seeds collected in three natural populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L. Karst)) in each of 21 provenances distributed between latitudes 63ºN to 66º20’N and altitudes from 25 to 500 m in Trøndelag og Nordland counties were tested in nursery trials and one long-term field trial. Large provenance variation was found for phenology traits and early height growth in the nursery trials. A strong clinal variation was found for these traits relative to latitude and altitude. These relationships were weaker for height and diameter at ages 26 and 40 years. The timing of bud flush was strongly related to the temperature conditions at the seed collection sites, whilst terminal bud set and lammas shoot percentages showed high correlation coefficients with the provenance latitude. Provenances in the same geographic region showed large differences in height and diameter Growth in the field trial. The long-term experimental site Spelrem is situated within the northern Natural range of Norway spruce and the general trend in this material is that provenances from the Northern part of the range perform better compared with provenances from more southern areas. Hence, the gain from provenance transfer seems to be limited under the present climatic conditions in this region.
Forfattere
Mehdi Daemi-Saeidabad Abdolali Shojaeiyan Adam Vivian-Smith Hans K. Stenøien Mohsen Falahati-AnbaranSammendrag
Many studies on Heracleum have shown poor correspondence between observed molecular clusters and established taxonomic classification amongst closely related species. This might reflect both unresolved taxonomy but perhaps also a lack of good genetic markers. This lack of appropriate and cost effective species-specific genetic markers hinders a resolved relationship for the species complex, and this in turn causes profound management challenges for a genus that contains both endemic species, with important ecological roles, and species with an invasive potential. Microsatellites are traditionally considered markers of choice for comprehensive, yet inexpensive, analyses of genetic variation, including examination of population structure, species identity, linkage map construction and cryptic speciation. In this study, we have used double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to develop microsatellite markers in Heracleum rechingeri. Genomic DNA from three individuals were digested with Sbf1 and Nde1 and size selected for library construction. The size-selected fragments were sequenced on an Ion Torrent sequencer and a total of 54 microsatellite sequences were bioinformatically confirmed. Twenty five loci were then tested for amplification, resulting in 19 of these being successfully amplified across eight species, comprising both the so-called thick-stemmed species (H. persicum, H. rechingeri, H. gorganicum and H. lasiopetalum), and thin-stemmed species (H. anisactis, H. pastinasifolium and H. transcaucasicum). Both Bayesian and distance-based clustering, and principal coordinate analyses clearly separated these into two groups. Surprisingly, three H. pastinacifolium populations were not separated from populations of the morphologically similar endemic species, H. anisactis, suggesting lack of genetic differentiation. Likewise, high genetic similarity was found between H. persicum and H. rechingeri populations, questioning taxonomic separation at the species level between these taxa. Further analyses are needed to re-evaluate the taxonomic significance of observed morphological variability currently applied to distinguish these sister taxa. Nevertheless, our results represent progress in the effort to develop cost-efficient molecular tools for species discrimination in this genus.
Sammendrag
Skogreisingsarealene som er tilplantet med vanlig gran (Picea abies L. Karst.) i kyststrøk i Norge utgjør i størrelsesorden 3 millioner dekar. Det meste av grankulturene ble etablert i perioden 1950 til 1980, og det høstes i dag nær en million kubikkmeter granvirke årlig fra disse arealene. Kritikken mot granplanting i kyststrøk har i perioder vært sterk. Flere miljø- og friluftslivorganisasjoner fremstiller granplantningene som en stor trussel mot det biologiske mangfoldet, og plantefeltene beskrives som biologiske ørkener. Det argumenteres og med at gran er en regional fremmed art som ikke er naturlig i store deler av kyststrøkene. Arealtap som følge av granplanting ansees som et problem for mangfoldet, men 5,7 % av landarealet under skoggrensa på Vestlandet og 2,9 % i Nord-Norge er dekket av granskog. Virkningen av tidligere skogreising og treslagsskifte blir begrenset fordi det fortsatt er store arealer som ikke er berørt. Landskapsestetiske bekymringer for gjengroing, tap av utsikt og negative følger for turistnæring inngår også i kritikken mot bruk av gran.....
Sammendrag
The impact of historical and present drivers on biodiversity, particularly species richness and abundance, in afforestation areas concerning non-native tree species is still poorly understood. A better understanding is important to ensure appropriate forest management in the face of climate change and increasing demand for wood products. Here, we have reviewed 75 biodiversity studies in Sitka spruce plantations in NW Europe, forest management recommendations for maintaining biodiversity, timber production and carbon sequestration in Sitka spruce forests in coastal Norway compared to NW Europe. Due to more focus on non-market landscape benefits and protection sites in coastal areas, transformation of spruce plantations is common. Premature cutting of stands and shelterbelts and clearing away saplings has become the dominant management practice in Norway. Based on the extent of use in Norway, and results from biodiversity studies in Sitka spruce plantations in NW Europe, the quality of evidence for the prevailing practice and recommendations in coastal Norway is highly questioned. To reduce conflicts, we propose a more knowledge-based management, a broader perspective underpinning the range of afforestation goals, also including the use of alternative silvicultural methods to increase structural variation in Sitka spruce stands.
Forfattere
Elisabeth Pötzelsberger Katharina Lapin Giuseppe Brundu Tim Adriaens Vlatko Andonovski Siniša Andrašev Jean-Charles Bastien Robert Brus Milić Čurović Željka Čurović Branislav Cvjetković Martina Ðodan Juan M. Domingo-Santos Anna Gazda Jean-Marc Henin Cornelia Hernea Bo Karlsson Ljiljana Keča Srđan Keren Zsolt Keserű Thomai Konstantara Johan Kroon Nicola La Porta Vasyl Lavnyy Dagnija Lazdina Aljona Lukjanova Tiit Maaten Palle Madsen Dejan Mandjukovski Francisco J. Marín Pageo Vitas Marozas Antonin Martinik William L. Mason Frits Mohren Maria Cristina Monteverdi Charalambos Neophytou Pat Neville Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu Per Holm Nygaard Christophe Orazio Taras Parpan Sanja Perić Krasimira Petkova Emil Borissov Popov Mick Power Károly Rédei Matti Rousi Joaquim S. Silva Ahmet Sivacioglu Michalis Socratous Lina Straigyte Josef Urban Kris Vandekerkhove Radosław Wąsik Marjana Westergren Thomas Wohlgemuth Tiina Ylioja Hubert HasenauerSammendrag
Europe has a history rich in examples of successful and problematic introductions of trees with a native origin outside of Europe (non-native trees, NNT). Many international legal frameworks such as treaties and conventions and also the European Union have responded to the global concern about potential negative impacts of NNT that may become invasive in natural ecosystems. It is, however, national and regional legislation in particular that affects current and future management decisions in the forest sector and shapes the landscapes of Europe. We identified all relevant legal instruments regulating NNT, the different legal approaches and the regulatory intensity in 40 European countries (no microstates). Information on hard and effective soft law instruments were collected by means of a targeted questionnaire and consultation of international and national legislation information systems and databases. In total, 335 relevant legal instruments were in place in June/July 2019 to regulate the use of NNT in the investigated 116 geopolitical legal units (countries as well as sub-national regions with their own legislation). Countries and regions were empirically categorized according to ad hoc-defined legislation indicators. These indicators pay respect to the general bans on the introduction of non-native species, the generally allowed and prohibited NNT, approval mechanisms and specific areas or cases where NNT are restricted or prohibited. Our study revealed a very diverse landscape of legal frameworks across Europe, with a large variety of approaches to regulating NNT being pursued and the intensity of restriction ranging from very few restrictions on species choice and plantation surface area to the complete banning of NNT from forests. The main conclusion is that there is a clear need for more co-ordinated, science-based policies both at the local and international levels to enhance the advantages of NNT and mitigate potential negative effects.
Sammendrag
Litteratur som omhandler utbredelsen til vanlig gran (Picea abies L. Karst.) i Norge er analysert. Rapporten presenterer et nytt utbredelseskart for spontan gran i Norge hvor forekomster i ytterkanten av hovedområdene bestående av småbestand, holt og enkelttrær er inkludert....
Sammendrag
Bruken av hogstformer har endret seg opp gjennom tidene, fra dimensjonshogst via plukkhogst og fram til snauflatehogst, slik vi kjenner det fra bestandsskogbruket. Selv om bledningsskogbruket tidligere ble mye diskutert, er det neppe grunnlag for å hevde at vi har hatt en bledningsfase i norsk skogbruk. Derimot er det sannsynlig at dimensjons- og plukkhogsten stedvis resulterte i flersjiktede restbestand som ble forsøkt skjøttet som bledningsskog i en overgangsperiode fram mot bestandsskogbruket. Driftsformen ble hentet fra Tyskland og Sverige, og ble tilpasset norske forhold i årene mellom 1. og 2. verdenskrig. I Norge kan «bestandsskogbruket» som begrep spores tilbake til 1936, men samtidig er planmessighet og skogbehandling beslektet med systematiske metoder utviklet tidlig på 1700-tallet i Mellom-Europa...
Forfattere
Paul C. Rogers Bradley D. Pinno Jan Šebesta Benedicte R. Albrectsen Guoqing Li Natalya Ivanova Antonín Kusbach Timo Kuuluvainen Simon M. Landhäusser Hongyan Liu Tor Myking Pertti Pulkkinen Zhongming Wen Dominik KulakowskiSammendrag
Across the northern hemisphere, six species of aspen (Populus spp.) play a disproportionately important role in promoting biodiversity, sequestering carbon, limiting forest disturbances, and providing other ecosystem services. These species are illustrative of efforts to move beyond single-species conservation because they facilitate hundreds of plants and animals worldwide. This review is intended to place aspen in a global conservation context by focusing on the many scientific advances taking place in such biologically diverse systems. In this manner, aspen may serve as a model for other widespread keystone systems where science-based practice may have world implications for biodiversity conservation. In many regions, aspen can maintain canopy dominance for decades to centuries as the sole major broadleaf trees in forested landscapes otherwise dominated by conifers. Aspen ecosystems are valued for many reasons, but here we highlight their potential as key contributors to regional and global biodiversity. We present global trends in research priorities, strengths, and weaknesses based on, 1) a qualitative survey, 2) a systematic literature analysis, and 3) regional syntheses of leading research topics. These regional syntheses explore important aspen uses, threats, and research priorities with the ultimate intent of research sharing focused on sound conservation practice. In all regions, we found that aspen enhance biodiversity, facilitate rapid (re)colonization in natural and damaged settings (e.g., abandoned mines), and provide adaptability in changing environments. Common threats to aspen ecosystems in many, but not all, regions include effects of herbivory, land clearing, logging practices favoring conifer species, and projected climate warming. We also highlight regional research gaps that emerged from the three survey approaches above. We believe multi-scale research is needed that examines disturbance processes in the context of dynamic climates where ecological, physiological, and genetic variability will ultimately determine widespread aspen sustainability. Based on this global review of aspen research, we argue for the advancement of the “mega-conservation” strategy, centered on the idea of sustaining a set of common keystone communities (aspen) that support wide arrays of obligate species. This approach contrasts with conventional preservation which focuses limited resources on individual species residing in narrow niches.
Forfattere
Tor MykingSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag