Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Det er ikke noe nytt at norske gårder i gjennomsnitt blir større og færre over tid. Strukturrasjonaliseringa ser imidlertid ut til å gå enda raskere innen økologisk landbruk fordi relativt mindre gårder melder seg ut av Debio-ordningen, mens relativt større blir meldt inn. Helt siden 2002 har det gjennomsnittlige jordbruksarealet på Debio-sertifiserte gårder vært større enn gjennomsnittet for norske gårder. For 2007 er forskjellen i areal 255 vs 213 dekar, og trenden ser ut til å holde seg.
Sammendrag
Med et offentlig mål om at 15 % av matproduksjonen og -forbruket skal være økologisk i 2015, må norsk økologisk landbruk vokse raskt og mye. Da er det problematisk at mange økobønder slutter. Fra 2004 til 2007 meldte 646 bønder seg ut av Debios kontrollordning for økologisk produksjon. Nettotilveksten i samme periode var bare 177 bruk, slik at det i 2007 var 2611 økogårder i Norge. Andel økologisk jordbruksareal økte fra 3,4 til 3,9 %, noe som er for sakte i forhold til målsetningen.
Sammendrag
Over 6 % av alle økobønder meldte seg ut av Debio årlig mellom 2004 og 2007. Mange av de utmeldte er fortsatt bønder. De fleste driver nå konvensjonelt, mens en av fem driver etter økologiske prinsipp, men uten Debio-godkjenning. Hver fjerde økobonde vurderer å melde seg ut av Debio-ordningen innen 5-10 år.
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Det ble gjennomført dybdeintervju for å belyse hvilke faktorer som spiller sammen når bønder melder seg ut av sertifisert økologisk produksjon. Det ble valgt ut fire brukere som har meldt seg ut mellom 2002 til 2007. Det ble valgt ut brukere med sauehold, kumelk, grønnsaker, poteter og urter og korn. I tillegg ble det intervjuet to økologiske ringledere og gått gjennom skriftlige tilbakemeldinger fra spørreundersøkelsen.
Sammendrag
Om norsk skolemat i dag og historisk utvikling.
Sammendrag
We present the number of farmers entering and opting out of organic farming in recent years; the farmers" reasons for opting out; and some of the farm characteristics. The work is a part of the research project "Reasons for opting out of certified organic production in Norway" (2007-08), funded by the Research Council of Norway and the Agricultural Agreement Fund.
Sammendrag
From 2002 to 2006, the annual dropout rate of certified organic farmers averaged 7.3 %. A project was started in 2007 to explore farmer"s reasons for opting out of certified organic production. Important factors were public regulations including standards for organic farming, agronomy, economy, and farm exit. While many organic farmers with relatively small holdings have opted out, farmers with more land and larger herds tend to convert to organic agriculture. The trend towards larger-scale farms in organic than in conventional agriculture, encouraged by the design of the organic farming payments, challenges the organic principles of diversity and fairness. Means should be considered to ensure that small organic enterprises are also economically viable.
Sammendrag
This study compares diversity an abundance of spiders in barley with different sub crops and in young ley. Spiders were sampled from 14 cereal and 4 grass-clover fields distributed within three different sites in eastern and central Norway. Two sites were long term experimental field trials and one was an organically managed farm. Pitfall traps were used to sample spiders from May to Sept 2004. In total 4130 spiders were found. The density and number of species varied between fields. More individuals of both Linyphiidae and Lycosidae were trapped in fields with leys compared to fields with cereals. There was no clear difference in total density of spiders according to type of sub-crop, but more Lycosidae were found in cereal fields undersown with ley than in fields undersown with ryegrass. A higher density of Linyphiidae was found in the cereal fields at the farm than at the two experimental sites, whereas the frequency of Lycosidae was about the same at the three sites. Only minor differences in number of species were found, but an ordination technique of multivariate analysis reveals differences in the spider community structures.
Sammendrag
From 2002 to 2007, the number of organic farms in Norway has increased slightly, from 2303 to 2611. The area of organically certified and in conversion farmland has increased much more, from 32,499 to 49,563 ha. Hence, the average size of organic farms has increased considerably, from 19.7 to 25.5 ha agricultural area per farm. This is 20 % above the Norwegian average farm size. As parallel production is permitted, many farms have both organic and conventional production. The average organically managed agricultural area has increased from 11 to 15.4 ha per farm, and the number of milking cows on organic dairy farms from 15 to 20. Many small farms have opted out of certified organic agriculture, whereas farmers with more land are converting to organic. While most of the public financial support in Norwegian agriculture is differentiated in relation to farm size and region, support for organic agriculture is little differentiated. This encourages the conversion of larger operations. However, the diversity of the organic sector is reduced when smaller farms do not convert or opt out, and it should be considered how organic farming can be an interesting option for farmers independent of farm size.
Forfattere
Audun KorsæthSammendrag
A 3.3 ha field experiment with tile-drained plots was established in 1988/89 at the Research Centre of the Arable Crops Division in central southeast Norway (60°42"N, 10°51"E, altitude 250 m). Six cropping systems, each with 2 replicates, are practiced on twelve 1.8 ha blocks, arranged in a randomised complete block design. During the first 10 years, the experiment provided data for many studies covering a wide range of topics. Some adjustments were made to the experimental treatments in 2000. The experiment now comprises three arable systems ("old-fashioned" and "modern" conventional arable cropping, and organic arable cropping with green manure as its only nutrient input) and three mixed dairy systems ("modern" conventional production of both arable and forage crops with 50% grass-clover ley, and organic production of both arable and forage crops with either 50 or 75% grass-clover ley in the rotation, all with farmyard manure). In this study, yields and N leaching/runoff losses are presented for the six agrohydrological years (May-April) 2001-2006. Results are discussed in relation to N use efficiency and sustainability of the systems.