Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
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Sammendrag
Secured supply of apple fruit for industrial use, especially for production of cider was investigated. The research questions were; is it more land to be used for apple growing in the Hardanger region?, is it possible to develop an own growing concept for fruit for industrial use?, how is the economy in an own concept? And what quality demands for the raw material is needed? More land is available in the region and how much is dependent on which quality the producers demand. The input factors in a growing concept were evaluated for economically impact and price level for the different classes were the most important. Fruit of different origin (discarded at picking or at grading) were compared. Yield level was most likely the most important factor for the differences found. Prognose of amount available for industry was calculated based on models from other countries and found to have potential. Knowledge gaps were identified, and further work is needed to determine quality demands.
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Det ble i 2020 utført forsøk mot soppsjukdommer i grønnsaker, potet, plomme, bringebær og korn. I potet ble det gjort forsøk mot tørråte, i plomme mot plommepung og i bringebær mot rust. I korn ble det testet nye sprøytestrategier mot bladflekksjukdommer i bygg og vårhvete, og i grønnsaker ble det gjort forsøk mot lagringssjukdommer i gulrot og løk. Det er utført et forsøk med biologiske og kjemiske skadedyrmidler mot kålmøll i kinakål og et forsøk med pluggbehandling av kålplanter (hodekål) før utplanting for beskyttelse mot kålflueangrep. Det er også utført forsøk med kjemiske middel mot bringebærbille i bringebær, kirsebærmøll i kirsebær og mot plommevikler i plomme. I tillegg har NIBIO utført forsøk for å vurdere om feromonforvirring kan brukes som planteverntiltak mot eplevikler og sju andre viklerarter i økologisk epleproduksjon.
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Leaf blotch diseases (LBD), such as Septoria nodorum bloch (Parastagnospora nodorum), Septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) and Tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) can cause severe yield losses (up to 50%) in Norwegian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and are mainly controlled by fungicide applications. A forecasting model to predict disease risk can be an important tool to optimize disease control. The association between specific weather variables and the development of LBD differs between wheat growth stages. In this study, a mathematical model to estimate phenological development of spring wheat was derived based on sowing date, air temperature and photoperiod. Weather factors associated with LBD severity were then identified for selected phenological growth stages by a correlation study of LBD severity data (17 years). Although information regarding host resistance and previous crop were added to the identified weather factors, two purely weather-based risk prediction models (CART, classification and regression tree algorithm) and one black box model (KNN, based on K nearest neighbor algorithm) were most accurate to predict moderate to high LBD severity (>5% infection). The predictive accuracy of these models (76–83%) was compared to that of two existing models used in Norway and Denmark (60 and 61% accuracy, respectively). The newly developed models performed better than the existing models, but still had the tendency to overestimate disease risk. Specificity of the new models varied between 49 and 74% compared to 40 and 37% for the existing models. These new models are promising decision tools to improve integrated LBD management of spring wheat in Norway.
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Forfattere
Ingunn Øvsthus Theresa Weigl Hanne Larsen Erlend Indergård Siv Fagertun Remberg Jorunn BørveSammendrag
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Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a serious, worldwide disease on potato (Solanum tuberosum). Phytophthora infestans normally reproduces in a clonal manner, but in some areas, as the Nordic Countries, sexual reproduction has become the major determinant of the population structure. To improve the late blight forecasting in Norway, the process-based Nærstad model was developed. The model includes the structure of the underlying processes in the disease development, including spore production, spore release, spore survival and infection of P. infestans. It needs hourly weather records of air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, leaf wetness and global radiation. The model contained 19 uncertain parameters, and from a sensitivity analysis, 12 were detected as weakly sensitive to model outputs and fixed to a nominal value within their prior boundaries. The remaining seven parameters were detected as more sensitive to model outputs and were parameterized using maximum a'posteriori (MAP) estimates, calculated through Bayesian calibration. The model was developed based on literature combined with field data of daily observed number of lesions on trap plants of the Bintje cultivar (late blight susceptible) at Ås during the seasons 2006-2008 and 2010-2011. It was further tested on daily observed number of lesions on trap plants of the cultivars Bintje, Saturna (medium susceptible) and Peik (medium resistant) at Ås during the seasons 2012-2015. For all three cultivars, the Nærstad model improved with a higher model accuracy compared to the existing HOSPO-model and the Førsund rules that both have shown relatively good correlation with blight development in field evaluations in Norway. The best accuracy was found for Bintje (0.83) closely followed by Saturna (0.79), whereas a much lower accuracy was detected for Peik (0.66).
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