Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Bertrand Guenet Benoit Gabrielle Claire Chenu Dominique Arrouays Jerome Balesdent Martial Bernoux Elisa Bruni Jean-Pierre Caliman Remi Cardinael Songchao Chen Philippe Ciais Dominique Desbois Julien Fouche Stefan Frank Cathrine Henault Emanuele Lugato Victoria Naipal Thomas Nesme Michael Obersteiner Sylvain Pellerin David S. Powlson Daniel Rasse Frédéric Rees Jean-Francois Soussana Yang Su Hanqin Tian Hugo Valin Feng ZhouSammendrag
To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5 °C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment of other climate mitigation strategies are also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an important lever because carbon in soils can be stored for long periods and land management options to achieve this already exist and have been widely tested. However, agricultural soils are also an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas, and increasing SOC may influence N2O emissions, likely causing an increase in many cases, thus tending to offset the climate change benefit from increased SOC storage. Here, we review the main agricultural management options for increasing SOC stocks. We evaluate the amount of SOC that can be stored as well as resulting changes in N2O emissions to better estimate the climate benefits of these management options. Based on quantitative data obtained from published meta‐analyses and from our current level of understanding, we conclude that the climate mitigation induced by increased SOC storage is generally overestimated if associated N2O emissions are not considered but, with the exception of reduced tillage, is never fully offset. Some options (e.g, biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) may even decrease N2O emissions.
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gaby Deckmyn Omar Flores Mathias Mayer Xavier Domene Andrea Schnepf Katrin Kuka Kris Van Looy Daniel Rasse Maria J.I. Briones Sébastien Barot Matty Berg Elena Vanguelova Ivika Ostonen Harry Vereecken Laura M. Suz Beat Frey Aline Frossard Alexei Tiunov Jan Frouz Tine Grebenc Maarja Öpik Mathieu Javaux Alexei Uvarov Olga Vindušková Paul Henning Krogh Oskar Franklin Juan Jimenez Jorge Curiel YusteSammendrag
The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes. In this article, we review the main soil biological actors (microbiota, fauna and roots) and their effects on soil functioning. We review to what extent they have been included in soil models and propose which of them could be included in ecosystem models. We show that the model representation of the soil food web, the impact of soil ecosystem engineers on soil structure and the related effects on hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization are key issues in improving ecosystem-scale soil representation in models. Finally, we describe a new core model concept (KEYLINK) that integrates insights from SOM models, structural models and food web models to simulate the living soil at an ecosystem scale.
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Juan Hu Yuanyuan Yao Yalin Yang Chenchen Gao Fengli Zhang Rui Xia Chao Ran Zhen Zhang Jihong Liu Clarke Zhigang ZhouSammendrag
Probiotics confer a health benefit on the host and could be used as a good alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics are strain‐specific when exerting their function, so it is necessary to identify them to strain level. In recent years, intra‐species molecular typing and identification methods have developed rapidly, which commonly are used for typing the main pathogenic bacteria and rare for studies on probiotic typing, whilst it is imperative. This article describes molecular typing methods including AFLP, RAPD, PFGE, ribotyping, MLST, rep‐PCR and whole‐genome sequencing to identity some aquatic probiotics approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, which are Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Streptococcus thermophilus. In addition, the principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of these typing methods are also discussed.
Forfattere
Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rui Xia Yalin Yang Xingliang Pan Chenchen Gao Yuanyuan Yao Xuewei Liu Tsegay Teame Fengli Zhang Juan Hu Chao Ran Zhen Zhang Jihong Liu Clarke Zhigang ZhouSammendrag
Quorum quenching (QQ) blocks bacterial cell-to-cell communication (i.e., quorum sensing), and is a promising antipathogenic strategy to control bacterial infection via inhibition of virulence factor expression and biofilm formation. QQ enzyme AiiO-AIO6 from Ochrobactrum sp. M231 has several excellent properties and shows biotherapeutic potential against important bacterial pathogens of aquatic species. AiiO-AIO6 can be secretory expressed in Bacillus subtilis via a non-classical secretion pathway. To improve AiiO-AIO6 production, four intracellular protease-deletion mutants of B. subtilis 1A751 were constructed by individually knocking out the intracellular protease-encoding genes (tepA, ymfH, yrrN and ywpE). The AiiO-AIO6 expression plasmid pWB-AIO6BS was transformed into the B. subtilis 1A751 and its four intracellular protease-deletion derivatives. Results showed that all recombinant intracellular protease-deletion derivatives (BSΔtepA, BSΔymfH, BSΔyrrN and BSΔywpE) had a positive impact on AiiO-AIO6 production. The highest amount of AiiO-AIO6 extracellular production of BSΔywpE in shake flask reached 1416.47 U/mL/OD600, which was about 121% higher than that of the wild-type strain. Furthermore, LC–MS/MS analysis of the degrading products of 3-oxo-C8-HSL by purification of AiiO-AIO6 indicated that AiiO-AIO6 was an AHL-lactonase which hydrolyzes the lactone ring of AHLs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AiiO-AIO6 was classified as a member of the α/β hydrolase family with a conserved “nucleophile-acid-histidine” catalytic triad. In summary, this study showed that intracellular proteases were responsible for the reduced yields of heterologous proteins and provided an efficient strategy to enhance the extracellular production of AHL lactonase AiiO-AIO6.
Forfattere
Yuan-Yuan Yao Ya-Lin Yang Chen-Chen Gao Feng-Li Zhang Rui Xia Dong Li Juan Hu Chao Ran Zhen Zhang Jihong Liu Clarke Zhi-Gang ZhouSammendrag
Aquaculture is a fast‐growing and rapidly expanding industry in the world. Probiotics are widely used in aquaculture and have provided benefits to aquatic animal health, and it is also a promising alternative to antibiotics for control of fish diseases. With the development of biotechnology, new expression systems and novel techniques for the surface display of heterologous proteins in surface of probiotics cells have been developed. This review provides an overview of the systems and strategies for displaying functional proteins on the surface of probiotics commonly used in aquaculture, which are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, lactic acid bacteria represented by Lactococcus lactis and yeast. Their applications in aquaculture especially for oral vaccine development afforded by this technology and prospects and challenges associated with this technology are also highlighted.