Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Margit Oami Kollstrøm Ulrike Böcker Anne Kjersti Uhlen Annbjørg Kristoffersen Jon Arne Dieseth Erik Tengstrand Shiori KogaAbstract
The gluten-viscoelastic properties are essential for breadmaking quality and are affected by both genotypes and environments, such as weather conditions. However, it is still not clear how weather conditions cause variation in gluten quality and at which stage of the grain filling they are critical. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between weather parameters during grain filling and the viscoelastic properties of gluten. The gluten of spring wheat varieties grown over 17 seasons, resulting in a total of 70 different environments, was analyzed with the Kieffer extensibility rig. The variation in viscoelastic properties of gluten was mainly explained by environment, followed by genotype, while the genotype*environment interaction was small. The results also indicated that the periods around heading and physical maturity were the most critical when weather conditions affected the gluten quality. Our results also revealed that factors other than weather conditions are responsible for the variation in gluten quality.
Authors
Alexander N. Hristov André Bannink M Battelli Alejandro Belanche M.C. Cajarville Sanz G Fernandez-Turren F Garcia Arjan Jonker D.A. Kenny Vibeke Lind S.J. Meale D Meo Zilio Camila Muñoz David Pacheco Nico Peiren Mohammad Ramin L Rapetti Angela Schwarm Sokratis Stergiadis Katerina Theodoridou E.M. Ungerfeld S van Gastelen D.R. Yanez-Ruiz S.M. Waters Peter LundAbstract
There is a need for rigorous and scientifically-based testing standards for existing and new enteric methane mitigation technologies, including antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). The current review provides guidelines for conducting and analyzing data from experiments with ruminants intended to test the antimethanogenic and production effects of feed additives. Recommendations include study design and statistical analysis of the data, dietary effects, associative effect of AMFA with other mitigation strategies, appropriate methods for measuring methane emissions, production and physiological responses to AMFA, and their effects on animal health and product quality. Animal experiments should be planned based on clear hypotheses, and experimental designs must be chosen to best answer the scientific questions asked, with pre-experimental power analysis and robust post-experimental statistical analyses being important requisites. Long-term studies for evaluating AMFA are currently lacking and are highly needed. Experimental conditions should be representative of the production system of interest, so results and conclusions are applicable and practical. Methane-mitigating effects of AMFA may be combined with other mitigation strategies to explore additivity and synergism, as well as trade-offs, including relevant manure emissions, and these need to be studied in appropriately designed experiments. Methane emissions can be successfully measured, and efficacy of AMFA determined, using respiration chambers, the sulfur hexafluoride method, and the GreenFeed system. Other techniques, such as hood and face masks, can also be used in short-term studies, ensuring they do not significantly affect feed intake, feeding behavior, and animal production. For the success of an AMFA, it is critically important that representative animal production data are collected, analyzed, and reported. In addition, evaluating the effects of AMFA on nutrient digestibility, animal physiology, animal health and reproduction, product quality, and how AMFA interact with nutrient composition of the diet is necessary and should be conducted at various stages of the evaluation process. The authors emphasize that enteric methane mitigation claims should not be made until the efficacy of AMFA is confirmed in animal studies designed and conducted considering the guidelines provided herein.
Abstract
Urban green structures (UGS) play important roles in enhancing urban ecosystems by providing benefits such as mitigating the urban heat island effect, improving air quality, supporting biodiversity, and aiding in stormwater management. Accurately mapping UGS is important for sustainable urban planning and management. Traditional methods of mapping such as manual mapping, aerial photography interpretation and pixel-based classification have limitations in terms of coverage, accuracy, and efficiency. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) has gained prominence due to its ability to incorporate both spectral and spatial information making it particularly effective for classification of high-resolution satellite data. This paper reviews the application of OBIA on satellite images for UGS mapping, focusing on various data sources, popular segmentation methods, and classification techniques, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Key segmentation methodologies discussed include multi-resolution segmentation and watershed segmentation. For classification, the review covers machine learning techniques such as random forests, support vector machines, and convolutional neural networks, among others. Several case studies highlight the successful implementation of OBIA in diverse urban environments by demonstrating improvements in classification accuracy and detail. The review also addresses the challenges associated with OBIA, such as dealing with heterogenous urban landscapes, data sources and with OBIA methods itself. Future directions for UGS mapping include the integration of deep learning algorithms, advancements in satellite data technologies, and the development of standardized classification frameworks. By providing a detailed analysis of the current state-of-the-art in object-based UGS mapping, this review aims to guide future research and practical applications in UGS management.
Authors
Mostafa Hoseini Helle Ross Gobakken Stephan Hoffmann Csongor Horvath Johannes Rahlf Jan Bjerketvedt Stefano Puliti Rasmus AstrupAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Jian Liu Faruk Djodjic Barbro Ulén Helena Aronsson Marianne Bechmann Lars Bergström Tore Krogstad Katarina KyllmarAbstract
No abstract has been registered
2024
Authors
Hanne MæhreAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Edward Richard ForbesAbstract
Faba bean production in Norway is increasingly important for securing protein self-sufficiency for both food and feed, while improving soil quality and reducing reliance on nitrogen fertiliser. In recent years, damage from the Broad Bean Weevil, Bruchus rufimanus, has threatened Norwegian faba bean quality, and is expected to increase as the cultivation of faba bean grows nationally year on year. As faba bean varieties differ in their phenological, chemical and morphological properties, it is expected that some are more attractive to B. rufimanus adults in search of feeding and egg laying opportunities upon emerging from winter diapause than others, and therefore that the number of adults found per plot during flowering and the seed infestation rate will vary across varieties. Heat treatments, effective against storage insects in other crops, are proposed as a potential control method for B. rufimanus. In addition to direct damage, fungal pathogens have been shown to enter seeds via holes from B. rufimanus infestation causing further damage to germination rates and quality for food and feed. The findings in this study aim to test methods and conclusions already found in the literature using varieties grown commonly in Norway and in Norwegian conditions. Four sub studies were done as part of this study: a) field counts of adult B. rufimanus in 15 faba bean varietiesduring flowering in 2024 at Vollebekk research farm in Ås, Norway, b) assessment of seed infestation rates in the same varieties by counting seeds with and without insect exit holes with data from 2022 and 2024 and comparison with yield component data and tannin and vicin/convicin content, c) evaluation of heat treatments (40 °C for 16.5 hours vs. room temperature on B. rufimanus mortality, and (d) analysis of fungal infestation rates and species in seeds with and without B. rufimanus entrance holes by plating seeds onto agar and observing growth of mycelia visually and with light microscopy. Results showed significantly more adults were observed in early varieties than late varieties, with an average of 0.4 adults and 0.1 adults respectively per plot across the whole season, with the highest number in early varieties observed on the first sampling date, June 6th. The number of adults found in the field plots did not correlate with the infestation rate. B. rufimanus mortality rates, all ranging from 80-100%, did not significantly differ between drying at 40 °C for 16.5 hours compared with room temperature. Fusarium avenaceum and Botrytis fabae were found in respectively of faba bean seeds containing entrance holes of B. rufimanus but not in uninfested seeds, though not at a statistically significant level. However, seeds without an entrance hole showed a significantly higher rate of infection with unidentified mould fungi compared to those with. These findings suggest that growing early together with late varietiesleads to a significantly higher infestation in early varieties, though it is unclear there would be differences in infestation rate of fields with only an early or late variety. The inconclusive heat treatment results highlight the need for further experiments with varying temperatures and a larger sample size. More Fusarium avenaceum and Botrytis fabae in seeds with entrance holes fits with the literature, and the higher rate of unidentified mould infection in seeds without entrance holes may be due to induced resistance. Theconclusions may be useful as a basis for further research into strategies for control of B. rufimanus in Norwegian conditions, as well as further research into the specific fungal species that can follow seed infestation in Norway. Follow up studies could focus on comparing additional seed antinutrient levels and yield components measured during the growing season to B. rufimanus infestation rates based on exit holes.