Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2022
Authors
Heidi Udnes Aamot Hesam Mousavi Jafar Razzaghian Guro Brodal Michael Sulyok Rudolf Krska Simon G. Edwards Ingerd Skow HofgaardAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Heidi Udnes Aamot Simeon Rossmann Erik Lysøe Guro Brodal Birgitte Henriksen Ruth Dill-Macky Carl Gunnar Fossdal Ingerd Skow HofgaardAbstract
We used metabarcoding of ITS 1 and 2 to compare the mycobiome of Norwegian spring wheat seed lots of two commonly grown spring wheat varieties (Mirakel and Zebra) harvested in 2016 and 2017. The seed lots varied in germination and were grouped according to high and low germination (≥90% and <90% germinated seeds, respectively) determined by the ISTA germination method. In addition, the percentage of each seed lot infested by the most important wheat pathogens (Microdochium spp., Fusarium spp., and Parastagonospora nodorum) was determined using a plate-out test on PDA, and species-specific qPCR was used to quantify the amount of DNA of F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, M. majus, M. nivale, and P. nodorum. Our study indicated that the presence of Microdochium was most associated with poor germination (which is as expected), while P. nodorum; although present at relatively high levels, apparently had limited impact on germination. Among the species quantified by qPCR, M. majus was the most abundant, F. avenaceum was detected at low levels, whereas the other fusaria were barely detected. Metabarcoding data indicated a negative association between the presence of the fungal genus Neoascochyta and germination, while Pyrenophora and Alternaria species appeared positively associated with germination. Our results indicated some co-existence patterns between fungal species, including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, with some species combinations associated with the germination potential of wheat seed.
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Authors
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal Marit Almvik Morten Lillemo Aina Lundon Russenes Simon Graham Edwards Heidi Udnes AamotAbstract
Over recent decades, the Norwegian cereal industry has had major practical and financial challenges associated with the occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens and their associated mycotoxins in cereal grains. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common Fusarium-mycotoxins in Norwegian oats, however T-2 toxin (T2) and HT-2 toxin (HT2) are also commonly detected. The aim of our study was to rank Nordic spring oat varieties and breeding lines by content of the most commonly occurring Fusarium mycotoxins (DON and HT2 + T2) as well as by the DNA content of their respective producers. We analyzed the content of mycotoxins and DNA of seven fungal species belonging to the FHB disease complex in grains of Nordic oat varieties and breeding lines harvested from oat field trials located in the main cereal cultivating district in South-East Norway in the years 2011–2020. Oat grains harvested from varieties with a high FHB resistance contained on average half the levels of mycotoxins compared with the most susceptible varieties, which implies that choice of variety may indeed impact on mycotoxin risk. The ranking of oat varieties according to HT2 + T2 levels corresponded with the ranking according to the DNA levels of Fusarium langsethiae, but differed from the ranking according to DON and Fusarium graminearum DNA. Separate tests are therefore necessary to determine the resistance towards HT2 + T2 and DON producers in oats. This creates practical challenges for the screening of FHB resistance in oats as today’s screening focuses on resistance to F. graminearum and DON. We identified oat varieties with generally low levels of both mycotoxins and FHB pathogens which should be preferred to mitigate mycotoxin risk in Norwegian oats.
Authors
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Till Seehusen Børge Holen Hugh Riley Ruth Dill-Macky Simon G. Edwards Guro BrodalAbstract
Frequent occurrences of high levels of Fusarium mycotoxins have been recorded in Norwegian oat grain. To elucidate the influence of tillage operations on the development of Fusarium and mycotoxins in oat grain, we conducted tillage trials with continuous oats at two locations in southeast Norway. We have previously presented the content of Fusarium DNA detected in straw residues and air samples from these fields. Grain harvested from ploughed plots had lower levels of Fusarium langsethiae DNA and HT-2 and T-2 toxins (HT2 + T2) compared to grain from harrowed plots. Our results indicate that the risk of F. langsethiae and HT2 + T2 contamination of oats is reduced with increasing tillage intensity. No distinct influence of tillage on the DNA concentration of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium avenaceum in the harvested grain was observed. In contrast to F. graminearum and F. avenaceum, only limited contents of F. langsethiae DNA were observed in straw residues and air samples. Still, considerable concentrations of F. langsethiae DNA and HT2 + T2 were recorded in oat grain harvested from these fields. We speculate that the life cycle of F. langsethiae differs from those of F. graminearum and F. avenaceum with regard to survival, inoculum production and dispersal.
Authors
Britt Puidet Romain Mabon Michele Guibert Riinu Kiiker Liina Soonvald Vinh Hong Le Håvard Eikemo Pauline Dewaegeneire Guillaume Saubeau Catherine Chatot Frederique Aurousseau David E. L. Cooke Alison K. Lees Isaac K. Abuley Jens G. Hansen Roselyne Corbiere Melen Leclerc Didier AndrivonAbstract
Until recently, genotypes of Phytophthora infestans were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse because of frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013 a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining P. infestans populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of P. infestans, which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations. Fungicide sensitivity, aggressiveness, and virulence profiles of isolates of EU_41_A2 were analyzed and compared with those of the local sexual populations from Denmark, Norway, and Estonia. None of the phenotypic data obtained from the isolates collected from Denmark, Estonia, and Norway independently explained the invasive success of EU_41_A2 within sexual Nordic populations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expansion of this new genotype could result from a combination of fitness traits and more favorable environmental conditions that have emerged in response to climate change.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered