Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Skjøtselsplanen for Hysvær baserer seg på datagrunnlag fra tidligere registreringer (bl.a. Hatten 2002), og en befaring i september 2008. Under befaringen ble vegetasjonen kartlagt på vegetasjonstypenivå etter Fremstad (1997) og vurdert i felt med tanke på skjøtselstiltak og hevd. Vegetasjonskartleggingen viser at de fleste av de undersøkte øyene i Hysvær er karakterisert av artsfattige utforminger av tørr, grasrik lynghei og fattig engvegetasjon som ofte opptrer i mosaikk. Innmarka på de tidligere bebodde øyene er mer grasrike, mens lyngheivegetasjon er vanlig på de ytre øyene rundt. På noen av disse finnes det mer kalkpregete og artsrikere vegetasjon, både lynghei og eng. Noen steder ser man tegn etter gjengroing. Der hvor jordsmonnet er skrint er vegetasjonen tørkeutsatt og har ført til erosjon noen plasser, en utvikling som også blir framskyndet av våndaktivitet. Planen anbefaler å videreføre beiting med sau for å bevare det gamle kulturlandskapet med tilknyttet artsmangfold, ta vare på det åpne landskapspreget og forhindre gjengroing. Det er viktig å ha jevn tilsyn med dyrene for å evt. flytte disse til avlastningsarealer når beitegrunnlaget ikke er tilstrekkelig. Det anbefales lyngsviing som tiltak mot gjengroing av einer og moser. Planen støtter ønsket om å utvide slåttarealer f.eks. på Gangerøya, også med tanke på å redusere konflikten med gåsebeite på utsatte områder. Problemarter som veitistel og sitka anbefales fjernet så snart som mulig for å unngå spredning.
Sammendrag
How traps are placed can have huge consequences for trap efficiency. We present the results from two trials on how the height of trap deployment affects the catch of new generation Anthonomus rubi. In trial 1 (September 2006) we used white sticky traps, with or without A. rubi aggregation pheromone lures, to get more information on the height distribution at which weevils fly. Traps were horizontally mounted on top of poles 1 or 3 m above ground in a commercial field with a large weevil population (4 replicates of each height and lure combination). All the A. rubi individuals caught (N=34) were found on traps placed 1 m above ground. In trial 2 (13 July - 1 September 2009), four trap heights (partly dug into the ground, standing on the ground, hung just above foliage, hung 1 m above ground) were replicated five times in a small experimental strawberry field with severe bud damage. The traps were green funnel traps enhanced with white cross-vanes developed for raspberry beetle, and the best lure combination (aggregation pheromone sachet plus strawberry flower volatile open vial) for A. rubi found in other experiments. The traps touching the ground (and the plants), i.e. the first two of the heights listed above, caught 90% of all A. rubi trapped (N=103).
Sammendrag
The durability of wood in exterior use is limited by to climatic factors and wood deteriorating organisms. The natural durability of the Nordic wood species is generally regarded as low, and for e.g. decking and use in soil contact wood protection is needed. Within the last years, new non-biocidal treatments, like wood modification systems, have been developed to improve the biological resistance of wood. For information about the decay resistance of untreated and modified wood, natural outside exposure is necessary. European standard EN 252 is the main field test method for use class 4. In use class 3 the need of new or improved test setups has been put forward. Traditionally evaluation of field trials has mainly been based on visual evaluation and pick-test. However, to get in depth knowledge about: 1) different field trial methods and 2) fungal colonization of new wood protection systems, additional assessment methods can be used. Hence, comparative studies are needed.....
Forfattere
Margarita Novoa Garrido Cristina L. Marolda Miguel A. Valvano Henning SørumSammendrag
Et felles mål for medisinen og landbruket er å redusere bruk av antibiotika for på denne måten begrense utviklingen ab bakteriell antibiotika resistense. I landbruket vil dette bare kunne oppnås ved en forbedre dyrehelse. Bruk av organiske syrer (OS) som maursyre blandet i fôret eller vannet er en praksis som ar ganske utbredt i svin of fjørfe produksjonen. OS reduserer antall bakterier i tarmen og endrer balansen i tarmfloraen, noe som har vist å gi god smittekontroll og tilvekt. I Norden er det også vanlig å bruke maursyre for surfôr produksjonen på grunn av klimatiske forhold. Tarm bakterier har mekanismer for å overleve syreholdige forhold. På denne måten, en langsiktig bruk av OS kunne selektere for for stammer som uttrykker egenskaper som tillatter dem å overleve under syreholdige forhold. Økt syre toleranse-/resistense i bakterier ville øke smitte risiko. Etter å ha studert ulike egenskaper i et E. coli stamme under påvirkning av mild organisk surhet over tid har vi observert at tilstedetværelsen av OS i mediet er tilknyttet til endringer i O-antigen og cellulose-lignende karbohydrat. Vi konkluderer med at lang tidseksponering av E. coli overfor mild sur pH og små konsentrasjoner av OS svekker E. colis evne til å overleve magesekke barrieren.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Stig Andersson Janet Rowe Ian Clark Christer MagnussonSammendrag
Norwegian cereal cyst nematode populations were studied by biochemical, molecular, morphological and bio test techniques. H. avenae occurred in the pathotypes, Ha11, Ha12, and H. avenae Våxtorp. H. filipjevi was recorded as pathotype West. H. avenae (Ha 11) and H. filipjevi West were the most common species. Thirty barley, 23 oat and 6 of summer wheat cultivars on the Norwegian market were tested for their resistance against H. avenae (Ha11), H. avenae Våxtorp and H. filipjevi West. Resistance against Ha11 was found in 5 barley, 3 oat and in 1 wheat cultivar. Resistance against H. avenae Våxtorp was not present in barley, but 4 oat and 1 wheat cultivar were resistant. For H. filipjevi West resistance was not detected in wheat, but in 6 barley and 13 oat cultivars. A management system based on careful nematode identification and knowledge on resistance of cultivars were set in operation in the county of Vestfold. As a result farmers have improved average yields by 1000 kg /ha. By implementing this program in full the county of Vestfold could make an annual gain of 800 000 €. In perspective of increasing damage from CCN world-wide the correct identification of species and the recognition of their genetic variability is instrumental for successful control.
Sammendrag
New environmental benign wood protection agents often come from natural resources, and are sometimes a waste product. Chitosan, a derivative from chitin which is among other sources a by-product from the shellfish industry, is tested as well as known wood protection agents and their synergetic effect with chitosan. The objective of the research presented in this paper, is to describe the leaching properties of the following compounds: Chitosan, chitosan/copper, chitosan/boron and chitosan/ScanImp (a commercial wood preservative). A leaching procedure was performed on treated Scots pine sapwood samples. The four solutions have also been tested with and without post treatment. A new effective fire preservative has been included in the test. Common wood preservatives have been tested as references. The combination with chitosan did improve the fixation of the wood protection agent ScanImp. Furthermore, the post treatment of the chitosan treated samples did significantly reduce the leaching of glucosamine and to some extend also the leaching of boron.
Forfattere
Laura Jaakola Mika Paassilta Marko Suokas Inger Martinussen Kristiina Antonius Lena Ansebo Magnus Göransson Alfia Khairullina Asdis Helga Bjarnadottir Ulfur Oskarsson Anja Hohtola Anna Maria Pirttilä Simo Moisio Olavi Junttila Andreas Åkerström Anders Jäderlund Ulla Bång Hely HäggmanSammendrag
Wild berries are a charcteristic part of the Northern nature and a potential speciality of Nordic countries. Wild berries are also a valuable resource that has not yet been exploited in a satisfactory level. Approximately 90-95 per cent of the wild berry crop yield is left unpicked in the Nordic forests every year. The challenges of the wild berry utilization are similar in the Nordic countries - the logistics of berry picking including traceability, fragmented sector structure as well as the high share of unprocessed raw material in export. The Nordic project focusing on biberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) "Bilberry: Towards functional food markets" (2007-2009) is part of the New Nordic Food programme funded by the Nordic Innovation Centre. The aim of the project was to promote Nordic cooperation between representatives from universities, research institutes and industry in order to improve wild berry production and utilisation on the Nordic and global market. To achieve this goal a network between the Nordic experts of the different fields of the wild berry sector has been established. The project has focused on marketing research, quality issues, biodiversity and traceability of wild berries, especially bilberry. The results of the marketing survey were first published in the Nordic Wild Berry seminar in November 2008. The aim of the survey was to generate an overall picture of the companies working with wild berries in Nordic countries and gather information on the existence and willingness of the berry companies to cooperate for instance in wild berry supply, logistics, marketing or research and development. According to the results, a general agreement for the need of increased cooperation at the Nordic level was highlighted.
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand David M. Gadoury Håvard Eikemo Andrew Dobson M. Catherine Heidenreich Robert C. SeemSammendrag
Field trials at Ås, Norway and Geneva, NY, USA revealed a substantial impact of initial levels of powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) upon disease development in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Five-row plots of 50 to 100 mildew-free plants (planting distance 0.45 × 1.2 m) were established each year within large grain fields with a minimum distance of 90 m between plots and were left untreated with fungicides. Beginning each season, plants at the center of each plot were inoculated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 mildew-infected leaflets. Uninoculated plots developed only trace levels of powdery mildew, despite nearby diseased plots and wild strawberries in both Norway and NY trials over 3 years. More rapid and severe disease development was observed in the inoculated plots; e.g., mildew was observed on 31, 36, 311, and 912 leaflets in the 0, 1, 10, and 100 plots, respectively, in Norway in year 1 of the trial, and reached only 6 leaves per plot in the 0 plot in year 2. Spatiotemporal analyses were subsequently performed, but the practical impact of the trials was to demonstrate long-lasting benefits of clean, mildew-free planting stock in commercial strawberry production, even in areas where the pathogen is endemic and the environment is very conducive to disease.
Forfattere
Laura Jaakola Mika Paassilta Marko Suokas Inger Martinussen Kristiina Antonius Andreas Åkerström Asdis Helga Bjarnadottir Úlfur Óskarsson Anja Hohtola Simo Moisio Olavi Junttila Ulla Bång Hely HäggmanSammendrag
Wild berries are characteristic part of the Northern nature and a potential speciality of Nordic countries. Wild berries are also a rich and valuable resource that has not yet been exploited in a satisfactory level. Approximately 90-95 per cent of the whole wild berry crop yield is left unpicked in the Nordic forests every year. The challenges of the wild berry utilization are similar in Nordic countries - the logistics of berry picking including traceability, fragmented sector structure as well as the high share of unprocessed raw material in export. The Nordic project focusing on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) "Bilberry: Towards functional food markets" (2007-2009) is a part of the New Nordic Food programme funded by the Nordic Innovation Centre. The programme aims to enhance cooperation and innovation among companies that utilize the natural resources in the Nordic countries. The aim of the project is to improve wild berry production and utilization in the Nordic and global market. To achieve this goal a network between the Nordic experts presenting the different fields of the wild berry sector has been established. The project has focused on marketing research, quality issues, biodiversity and traceability of wild berries, especially bilberry. The results of the marketing survey were published in November 2008. The aim of the survey was to generate an overall picture of the companies working with wild berries in Nordic countries and gather information on the existence and willingness of the berry companies to cooperate for instance in wild berry supply, logistics, marketing or research and development. According to the results, a general agreement for the need of increased cooperation at the Nordic level was highlighted
Forfattere
Jahn Davik Elena Lopez Girona Daniel J Sargent Monica C Muñoz-Torres Amparo Monfort Julio Bonet Albert G Abbott Pere Arús David W SimpsonSammendrag
BackgroundThe cultivated strawberry Fragaria ×ananassa is one of the most economically-important soft-fruit species. Few structural genomic resources have been reported for Fragaria and there exists an urgent need for the development of physical mapping resources for the genus. The first stage in the development of a physical map for Fragaria is the construction and characterisation of a high molecular weight bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library.MethodsA BAC library, consisting of 18,432 clones was constructed from Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens accession "Ali Baba". BAC DNA from individual library clones was pooled to create a PCR-based screening assay for the library, whereby individual clones could be identified with just 34 PCR reactions. These pools were used to screen the BAC library and anchor individual clones to the diploid Fragaria reference map (FV×FN).FindingsClones from the BAC library developed contained an average insert size of 85 kb, representing over seven genome equivalents. The pools and superpools developed were used to identify a set of BAC clones containing 70 molecular markers previously mapped to the diploid Fragaria FV×FN reference map. The number of positive colonies identified for each marker suggests the library represents between 4× and 10× coverage of the diploid Fragaria genome, which is in accordance with the estimate of library coverage based on average insert size.ConclusionThis BAC library will be used for the construction of a physical map for F. vesca and the superpools will permit physical anchoring of molecular markers using PCR.