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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

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Sammendrag

Krossknapp hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig vandrende med rotslående stengler. Den voksne planten er 5-30 cm høy. Stengelen er nedliggende og rotslående, firkantet, snau eller bare svakt håret, med tallrike, opprette, lange blomsterbærende greiner. Bladene er langstilkete og nyreformete, grovtannet og oftest ullhåret, oversiden er mørkegrønn med rødlig fargetone, og undersiden er lysegrønn. Planten, som er aromatisk, har de blåfiolette blomstene (2-5 stk) samlet i kranser i bladhjørnene. Formerer og sprer seg med frø og krypende, rotslående stengler. Forekommer på dyrket mark, langs veikanter, hekker og skogkanter. Opptrer som ugras i hager, parker og naturlig eng, særlig på skyggefulle steder. Planten kan begrenses ved å slå (snauslå) vokseplassen tidlig på sommeren for å hindre frøsetting, seinest når blomstene kommer fram. Krossknapp i plen kan bekjempes med hobbypreparatet Plenrens.

Sammendrag

Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world, with an estimated 50 million infections occurring annually. Dengue infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and lead to adverse social and economic impacts in many developing tropical countries. Dengue is a matter of much concern in India, where dengue is now re-emerging as one of the mostimportant public health problems. Currently no vaccine has been licensed. The PlantVaccine project aims to develop a plant based vaccine candidate for dengue fever. This report reviews the status of and need for a dengue vaccine, easy accessibility and affordability, and overall social and economic implications of such a vaccine development in India.

Sammendrag

Sammen med 5 andre var Reidun Pommeresche "rådgiver" innen økologisk landbruk, skolehage, økologiske attraksjoner og liknende. Rådgiver for elever fra 5 videregående skoler i fylket som deltok på Gründercamp. Arrangør Ungt Entrepenørskap, Bioforsk Økologisk og Tingvoll videregående skole. Hele dagen. 10 grupper a 3-5 elever skulle utvikle og fremføre prosjektplan og skisse til et økologisk hotell i Kristiansund. Jury ordfører, leder i Naturvernforbundet og lokal hotelleier. Premier til beste gruppe.  

Sammendrag

Vi har litt over 200 arter av stankelbein i Norge. Mest iøynefallende er stankelbeina når de voksne insektene på ettersommeren svermer rundt utelampa eller trekker inn i hus. Larvene av noen ganske få arter kan gjøre stor skade på planter. De voksne er helt ufarlige.

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One of the major pests on cultivated strawberry in northern part of Europe is the strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi. The weevils deposit eggs in the flower buds before it sever the buds from their stalks. This may lead to a direct loss of crop of more than 50%. To develop effective plant protection method against A. rubi funnel traps baited with the sex aggregation pheromone and plant volatiles were used for trapping weevils in the fields. The sex pheromone blend used in the study was a mixture of Grandlure I, Grandlure II and Lavendulol (ratio 1:4:1). Plant volatiles emitted by the strawberry plants were collected using SPME and identified by GC/MS. These chemical analyses identified several compounds present in different quantities. The sex pheromone blend and selected plant volatiles were tested in fields either separately or in different mixtures. The field trials were carried out during a three year period where the last year aimed to optimise the mixture used in the previous years by adding more test compounds and testing the most potent compound at different concentrations. To improve insect catch rates modified traps were also tested. The study sites were in Norway, Denmark and in the UK. General high catch rates were achieved at three different study sites in Norway due to high weevil density. The results from these fields, supported by the results from the fields with lower catch rates, were in accordance with each other. The main finding was that traps baited with some identified plant volatile compounds and the sex pheromone blend increased the catch rates compared to traps bated with single a plant compound or the sex pheromone blend alone. The results show also that the concentration of the plant volatiles relative to the pheromone concentration is important for attracting weevils to the traps. This study has shown that it is important to bait insect traps with both sex aggregation pheromones and plant volatiles at the correct level to achieve significant catch rates of A. rubi. Hopefully, the results will generate knowledge important for developing new plant protection method for strawberry without using insecticides.

Sammendrag

I frøavlen av engrapp og timotei vil en som oftest få en betydelig avlingsreduksjon når enga blir eldre og skuddtettheten øker.  I nye undersøkelser har stripesprøyting med glyfosat, både om høsten og tidlig om våren, blitt prøvd ut i begge arter med tanke på å motvirke denne negative avlingsutviklingen. I engrapp har avlingsresultatene variert for mye til at en kan anbefale stripetynning. Det bør imidlertid undersøkes nærmere om en bør korte inn tida mellom avpussing og tynning (mindre bladmasse), for å få en noe svakere virkning av sprøytinga. I timotei ser resultatene fra ett felt i 2008-09 lovende ut med hensyn til å kunne opprettholde avlingen ved bruk av tynning. Så langt har tynningsbehovet vært større på ruter uten halm enn på ruter hvor halmen har vært kuttet ved tresking. Det er behov for flere forsøk også i timotei før en kan gi sikre anbefalinger.   

Sammendrag

Forsøket viste at både høstetid og lagringsforhold er viktige med hensyn på å opprettholde spireevnen hos timoteifrø på lager. Spesielt verdt å merke seg er at frø som er høsta tidlig, med høyt vanninnhold, taper spirevnen raskere enn frø som er treska seinere. Størst vil tapet av spireevne hos slike frøpartier være ved lagring i kystnære områder hvor temperaturen og luftfuktigheten er forholdsvis høy gjennom store deler av året.

Sammendrag

The history of Harmonia axyridis and a summary of surveillance and research in Norway till June 2009 are given. H. axyridis was assessed as a potential bio-control agent for use in Norwegian greenhouses in 2001. The risk of establishment outdoors was assessed too high and no permission was given. The first record in Norway was in 2006 when one adult was found on Thuja sp. imported from the Netherlands. In late 2007 and throughout 2008 adults were found indoors/outdoors at several locations in the Oslo-area. Establishment outdoors became evident. Observations in Aust-Agder, Vestfold and Trondheim revealed further spread/introduction to new areas. The bioclimatic potential of H. axyridis was assessed in 2007 by the aid of CLIMEX using national agrometeorological data, showing that suboptimal microclimates for the species can be found in the coastal areas of the south. In late 2008 a web-site was launched aiming to engage the public to submit observations on-line and has contributed to monitor development of the species across the country. Competition experiments with H. axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata in 2008/2009 showed that only H. axyridis eggs and larvae survived when the two species were mixed.

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Complete gastrointestinal tracts from 257 ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from Svalbard, Norway, were examined for helminth parasites. Three different helminth groups were recorded (acanthocephalans 61.1%; nematodes 38%; cestodes 0.9%). Acanthocephalans (Polymorphidae) and cestodes (Anophryocephalus and Diphyllobothrium sp(p)., as well as unidentified species, were confined to the intestines. The anisakid nematodes Phocascaris phocae, Pseudoterranova sp(p)., Anisakis sp(p)., and Phocascaris/Contracaecum sp(p). were recorded in both stomachs and the anterior part of the small intestines. The abundance of nematodes and acanthocephalans varied significantly with sampling location of the seal hosts. This is likely due to the relative prevalence of Arctic versus Atlantic water in the different fjord systems, which strongly influences the age class and species of fish available as prey for the seals. Adult male ringed seals had significantly higher abundances of nematodes than did adult females or juveniles. Adult males also had significantly higher abundances of acanthocephalans than did adult females, but were not significantly different from juveniles in this regard. Nematode abundance increased significantly with age of male hosts, but this trend was lacking in female seals. Infection parameters appeared to be related to differences in the age of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) exploited by male, female, and juvenile seals.