Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Authors
Bjørn FrantzenAbstract
Presentation on 52 slides about a bird tourism project in Finnmark.
Authors
Anne Bøen Ola HanserudAbstract
Mined phosphorus (P) is introduced to food production from mineral fertilizers and feedstuffs, where fertilizer is the most important. Only a small part of this P ends up on our forks. The agricultural soil itself is the most important sink for mined P in Norway. An extensive surplus of manure P in livestock-dense areas is one of the factors explaining lack of efficiency in P utilization in plant production. However, on the way from the fields to the fork phosphorus is lost in many waste streams - the most important being slaughtering waste. In addition to slaughtering waste, wastewater is the dominant sink for phosphorus from society. As a seafood producer, Norway also harvests considerable amounts of P from the sea – which is an interesting alternative source of P. There are large potentials in replacing mined P with recycled P, and the poster depicts some of the future phosphorus loops looked into in Norway.
Abstract
Norwegian lamb meat production is mainly based on free grazing in mountainous pastures during the summer. Prior to slaughter in the autumn, some lambs not big enough for slaughter are finished on e.g. cultivated pastures. This study looked at the feed quality of different forages, and the effect on lamb meat quality. Lambs grazed on mountain pastures at Kvaløya in Northern Norway (69°N) and Sør-Fron in Mid Norway (58°N) in 2007, and a subgroup at each location was finished on cultivated pastures for 6 weeks prior to slaughter in September. The fiber content was significantly higher in the cultivated pasture in Mid Norway compared to the mountain pasture while no differences between pastures in Northern Norway were found. In Mid Norway the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3) was significantly higher in meat from lambs grazing the mountain pasture compared to lamb grazing the cultivated pasture. For Northern Norway, the opposite pattern was observed. The higher 18:3 content may be attributable to lower fiber content at the mountain pasture. In our study, there appears to be an effect of fiber content on the fatty acid composition in lamb meat.
Authors
Bjørn FrantzenAbstract
Utstilling av 25 bilder fra Varzuga landsbys 590-årsjubileum i 2009 utstilt i Varzuga Pomormuseum.
Authors
Liv SolemdalAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Naturbeitene i skogs- og fjelltraktene er et produkt av lang tids beiting og er ofte svært artsrike. Hvis beitingen opphører, vil disse arealene gro igjen med tap av biologisk mangfold som følge. Fortsatt beiting av artsrike naturbeiter er derfor viktig, og i Riokonvensjonen (1992) understrekes det at for åivareta det biologiske mangfoldet trenger man i tillegg å ivareta kunnskapen om de tradisjonelle driftssystemene. Forprosjektet har hatt som hovedmålsetning å undersøke behovet og legge grunnlaget for et hovedprosjekt med fokus på biologisk kulturarv som ressurs, for en bærekraftig bruk og utvikling av utmarksbeiter på norsk og svensk side. Prosjektet har blitt gjennomført i et samarbeid mellomBioforsk Midt-Norge, Centrum för biologisk mångfald, Föreningen Sveriges fäbodbrukare, Norsk Seterkultur, Nordisk kulturlandskapsforbund og Länsstyrelsen i Jämtlands län. Forprosjektet har mottatt støtte fra Interreg Sverige-Norge 2007-2013, delområde Nordens Grønne Belte, Nord-Trøndelag Fylkeskommune, Sør-Trøndelag Fylkeskommune og Länsstyrelsen i Jämtlands län.
Abstract
Rapporten fra forprosjektet "Videreutvikling og komplettering av bokverket Planter og tradisjon" gjennom innsamling av "ny" kunnskap inneholder prosjektskisse for et 4-årig delprosjekt, samt en powerpoint-presentasjon som presenterer hovedpunktene i prosjektskissen. Prosjektet er gjennomført av Bioforsk Midt-Norge på oppdrag av Statens Naturoppsyn (SNO). Rapporten er lukket.
Authors
Anne Kjersti Bakken Åshild T. Randby Peter UdénAbstract
The objective was to investigate whether the concentration, composition and rumen in sacco degradability of the neutral detergent fibre fraction in forages are affected by preservation method. A mixed crop of timothy, meadow fescue and red clover was preserved as hay, direct-cut or wilted silage at succeeding developmental stages. Pure crops of timothy and perennial ryegrass were preserved as direct-cut silage only. In both grasses and mixed crops, and especially at early phenological stages, restricted silage fermentation after addition of formic acid caused considerable degradation of ash-free neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom). In direct-cut mixed and pure grass silages, the aNDFom content was 50 and 40 g/kg DM lower than in the respective fresh crops. For grasses, the indigestible proportion of aNDFom was higher in silages than in the corresponding herbage. There were few differences in fibre characteristics between restrictedly fermented silages and silages that were extensively fermented due to inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. Irrespective of crop developmental stage, wilting for silage production and drying to hay led to a considerable increase in the aNDFom content, amounting to nearly 90 g/kg DM for the grass-clover crop. The increase was possibly caused by formation of N compounds which were recovered in the degradable fraction of aNDFom and of indegradable products. Ensiling reversed effects of wilting on aNDFom. Results indicate that predictions of feed intake or structural value of forages based on total content and degradability of aNDFom may be biased by changes in the fibre fraction during preservation.
Authors
Nicolae Scarlat Jean-Francois Dallemand Odd Jarle Skjelhaugen Dan Asplund Lars NesheimAbstract
This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian biomass resources for bioenergy use, bioenergy market and frame conditions through a comparison with Denmark, Finland and Sweden, which have a leading role in bioenergy production in the European Union. Although the contribution of renewable energy in Norway is among the highest in Europe (58%), mainly due to hydroelectricity, bioenergy has a low contribution to Norwegian energy supply (6%). As the experience from the other EU Member States showed, long-term, stable policies and relatively strong incentives are needed to initiate and build up a bioenergy market. In Norway, there is still a significant available potential for increasing the bioenergy contribution to the energy supply. The abundance and relatively low prices of energy (i.e. fossil fuels, electricity), in connection with the need of high investment costs, did not favour so far bioenergy production. Additional forest biomass may be mobilised in Norwayby more intensive management of currently exploited forests. However, there are several limitations related to topography, accessibility and economics. The biomass resources and the full range of technologies available for heat or electricity generation both at small and large scale that can provide good opportunities for increased bioenergy production. The experience gained in Denmark, Finlandand Sweden may be relevant for Norway, as well as for other EU Member States, where there is a deficit of mobilization of biomass resources and insufficient industrial integration of bioenergy with other forest-based sectors.
Authors
grete h m jørgensenAbstract
Paddock size and enrichment - the effects on horse behavior Grete H.M. Jørgensen1 and Knut E. Bøe2 1Bioforsk Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, 8860 Tjøtta 2Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, UMB, 1430 ås Corresponding author: +47 40 76 67 69 e-mail grete.jorgensen@bioforsk.no New regulations for horse keeping in 2005 suggested a paddock size of at least 300 m2 per horse and that every horse should have at least 2 hours turnout per day. Some of this time could however be replaced with forced exercise if the horse was kept in a box and not in a tie-stall. Whether this paddock size is large enough and how exercise affects horse behavior and activity during turnout has not been studied in detail. Horses are very motivated for social contact and several stereotypic behaviours like waving and pacing could be related to frustration and the wish for contact with conspecifics. Many commercial products for environmental enrichments are now available, both with the aim to reduce boredom and to keep horses occupied in harmless activities when kept individually. How horses use such "toys" is however scarcely studied. We performed several studies to investigate issues related to paddocks and turnout. Our results show that horses were more active in large paddocks (10 x 45m), spending less time standing and more time walking, exploring and eating grass from under the fence than in small (10 x 15m) and medium sized paddocks (10 x 30m). Horses in the large paddocks also travelled a longer distance than in the small and medium paddock size. When kept in individual paddocks, the dominating behaviours during turnout were standing (51.5% of tot obs) and eating grass from under the fence (27.1%). Horses that were exercised daily for 45 minutes in a walking pace became more passive, spending more time standing (52.9%) and less time walking (5.1%) during turnout, compared to when not exercised (standing: 44.4%; walking: 9.2%). When kept in groups the same horses spent only 5.3% of their time standing and 74.4% of their time eating grass from under the fence. This is probably an effect of social facilitation. Very few incidents of aggressive interactions were recorded when the horses were kept in social groups, but bouts of social grooming were observed. The items that were edible (straw, ball filled with concentrates, branches) received the most attention from the horses regardless of being kept individually or in groups. Straw and a ball filled with concentrates were the most popular items. Peat, a plastic ball and a cone were investigated less than 0.5% of total observations. A scratching pole was used (1.7 - 2.2% of tot obs), but due to horses using it in rather short intervals, it was difficult to catch all events with our recording methods. The ability to eat grass was more important for reducing passive standing than the access to items, both for horses kept individually (correlation between eating grass and passive standing R=-0.97; P