Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Climate changes will increase the frequency of extreme precipitation events, floods and snow melt periods experienced by the infrastructure. According to initial analysis by the Norwegian transport sector these changes will affect road maintenance, emergency planning, design of new roads and infrastructure. Increased frequency of floods is expected to cause more closed roads because of insufficient and badly maintained drainage systems. Increased ground frost and ice formation on ground surface cause large increases in surface runoff during snowmelt. Recently, in Norway the ClimRunoff project has started with the focus on quantifying discharge of catchment areas draining towards roads. The first priority of the project is to create a model that can evaluate the run-off situations under spring situation (i.e. overland flow due to snowmelt and partially frozen soils). The model is tested on a well-defined catchment under autumn situation. Preliminary results of the model calculations will be presented, together with the challenges to alter the model to be able to calculate snowmelt and frozen soil conditions. In close cooperation with the Norwegian road authorities, areas with historical flooding events are selected, and current and future climate data will be used to analyse the infrastructure of the road construction. Together with a risk analysis of the vulnerability of the transport infrastructure the model will be used to create guidelines for
Sammendrag
Beskrivelse av slamavskiller som rensetrinn i mindre avløpsanlegg i spredt bebyggelse. Beskrivelse av dokumentasjonskrav og dimensjonering, samt utforming av slamavskiller, forventet renseevne og krav til service og vedlikehold.
Forfattere
Håvard SteinshamnSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Beskrivelse av sandfilteranlegg for rensing av avløpsvann fra spredt bebyggelse. Beskrivelse avdokumentasjonskrav og dimensjonering, utforming av anlegg og forventet renseevne, samt beskrivelse av krav til drift og vedlikehold.
Sammendrag
In cases where snow is contaminated such as e.g. along highways and airports due to de-icing agents and other contaminants, it is important to be able to predict the zone of infiltration since this will determine the potential for retention and degradation in the unsaturated zone. The infiltration processes was monitored using time-lapse electrical resistivity measured in shallow electrodes in a glacial deposit near Oslo airport. TDR measurements were used to calibrate changes in water contents with changes in electrical resistivity values. In the first snowmelting event (April, 2006) there was hardly any ground frost, while in the second event (March, 2007) ground frost caused redistribution of meltwater and focussed infiltration
Sammendrag
For instance in France, the number of vertical flow constructed wetland has increased from 0 to more than 400 units between 1992 and 2005. There is a lack of relevant tools for monitoring their functionality and detecting potential failures in the systems. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) combined with Induced Polarization (IP) could potentially provide such a tool. Preliminary field studies have indicated that spatial variability in the flow pattern can be revealed by time-lapse measurements of electrical resistivity, however the interpretation of these results require better knowledge about the constitutive relationship between electrical properties and water content, water conductivity and biological clogging in typical filter media. A laboratory experiment was conducted using a four-electrode arrangement in soil sampling cylinders. Under controlled water contents the electrical resistivity and IP was measured for different levels of water conductivity and biofilm development. Finally, results were compared with empirical and theoretical relationships
Forfattere
Helen FrenchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In 1998 the new main airport of Norway was opened at Gardermoen, 40 km north of Oslo. The Gardermoen aquifer is the largest rain fed unconfined aquifer in Norway. The national pollution authorities demanded from the airport that there should be no pollution of the groundwater (e.g. from de-icing chemicals and jet-fuels) and the groundwater balance should be maintained. Several studies were conducted in order to examine the general geology in the area, unsaturated and saturated flow and transport. In this article, potential pollutants caused by winter operations will be discussed. Potassium Format (KF) is used for the de-icing of runways and Propylene Glycol (PG) is the active component of the de-icing chemical used for airplanes. Field monitoring of infiltration of meltwater using electrical resistivity was employed to characterise meltwater infiltration patterns at Gardermoen in 2001 (French et al., 2002B; French and Binley, 2004) and 2006. The formation of impermeable ice cover on the ground below the melting snowcover was observed at the field site in years with ground frost, while no ice was formed in 2006 when no ground frost was present until the last month of winter. More homogeneous infiltration conditions in 2006 were also confirmed by insignificant ponding at the airport site.
Sammendrag
Beskrivelse av filterbedanlegg som renseløsning i spredt bebyggelse. Beskrivelse av dokumentasjonskrav og dimensjonering, utforming av anlegg og forventet renseeffekt. I tillegg beskrives krav til drift og vedlikehold.