Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Sammendrag
Air pollution has become a global problem and affects nearly all of us. Most of the pollution is of anthropogenic origin and therefore we are obliged to improve this situation. In solving this problem basically our only partners are plants with their enormous biologically active surface area. Plants themselves are also victims of air pollution but because they are sedentary they developed very efficient defence mechanisms, which can also be exploited to improve the humanosphere. For their life processes plants require intensive gas exchange, during which air contaminants are accumulated on leaf surfaces or absorbed into the tissues. Some of the pollutants are included by plants in their own metabolism while others are sequestered. In some plant species, the processes of removing pollutants from the air is conducted in a very efficient way and therefore they are used in the environmental friendly biotechnology called phytoremediation. For urban areas, outdoor phytoremediation is recommended while indoor phytoremediation can be applied in our homes and workplaces. Because in near future purifying outdoor air to protect human health and well-being does not look the most promising, an important and increasing role will be played by indoor phytoremediation.
Sammendrag
Conversion from annual bluegrass or bentgrasses to red fescue could be an efficient way to minimise water use on golf greens. Our objective was to investigate the influ- ences of four irrigation strategies on red fescue water use efficiency, turf quality, growth rate and resistance to annual bluegrass and moss invasion. The trial was car- ried out from August 2013 to August 2015 on a green established according to USGA recommendations under a rainout shelter at Landvik, Norway (58 ° N). On average for 2 years, irrigation to field capacity once per week (FC 1) and deficit irrigation to 60% of FC three times per week (DEF 3) reduced the water consumption by 49% and 72% relative to irrigation to FC three times per week (FC 3). Both DEF 3 and FC 1 retained acceptable turf quality and reduced annual bluegrass in the second year by about one-third. Better control of annual bluegrass was obtained with deficit irrigation to 60% of FC once per week (DEF 1), but this treatment did not produce acceptable turf quality. Compared with FC 3, DEF 3, FC 1 and DEF 1 gave harder surfaces and reduced the moss invasion in the second year by 66%, 90% and 93%, respectively. Irrigation effects on root development and thatch organic matter after 2 years were not significant, although the thatch layer depth was 3 – 4 mm greater in FC 1 than in the other treatments. In conclusion, DEF 3 and FC 1 are both effective irrigation strategies for managing red fescue greens with less water use.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Fuad Gasi Naris Pojskic Mirsad Kurtovic Clive Kaiser Stein Harald Hjeltnes Milica Fotiric-Aksic Mekjell MelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
I. Figueira G. Garcia R.C. Pimpao A.P. Terrasso I. Costa A.F. Almeida L. Tavares T.F. Pais P. Pinto M.R. Ventura A. Filipe G. J. McDougall Derek Stewart K.S. Kim I. Palmela D. Brites M.A. Brito C. Brito C. N. SantosSammendrag
Age-related complications such as neurodegenerative disorders are increasing and remain cureless. The possibility of altering the progression or the development of these multifactorial diseases through diet is an emerging and attractive approach with increasing experimental support. We examined the potential of known bioavailable phenolic sulfates, arising from colonic metabolism of berries, to influence hallmarks of neurodegenerative processes. In silico predictions and in vitro transport studies across blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, at circulating concentrations, provided evidence for differential transport, likely related to chemical structure. Moreover, endothelial metabolism of these phenolic sulfates produced a plethora of novel chemical entities with further potential bioactivies. Pre-conditioning with phenolic sulfates improved cellular responses to oxidative, excitotoxicity and inflammatory injuries and this attenuation of neuroinflammation was achieved via modulation of NF-κB pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that these small molecules, derived from dietary (poly)phenols may cross the BBB, reach brain cells, modulate microglia-mediated inflammation and exert neuroprotective effects, with potential for alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases.
Forfattere
Ioannis Dimitriou Blas Mola-YudegoSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Siv Grethe Aarnes Henrik Brøseth Beate Banken Bakke Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Hans Geir Eiken Snorre HagenSammendrag
Det nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammet for rovvilt i Norge har i 2016 samlet inn prøver med antatt opphav fra brunbjørn (Ursus arctos) for åttende år på rad. Totalt ble det samlet inn 928 prøver i 2016 (680 ekskrementprøver, 240 hårprøver og 8 vevsprøver). Av disse prøvene var 67 % po-sitive for brunbjørn, og det ble påvist 125 ulike bjørner, hvorav 51 hunnbjørner og 74 hannbjør-ner. Dette er en svak nedgang sammenlignet med forrige år da det ble påvist 53 hunnbjørner og 75 hannbjørner. Beregninger av antall ynglinger i samme periode ligger relativt stabilt på ca. 6 ynglinger. Som tidligere år er forekomsten av brunbjørn i hovedsak konsentrert i fylkene Hed-mark (46), Finnmark (35) og Nord-Trøndelag (29). Av det totale antallet i 2016 er 63 % (79 indi-vider) tidligere påvist i Norge, noe som utgjør en noe lavere gjenfunnsandel enn forrige år. NØKKELORD : DNA, brunbjørn, Ursus arctos, molekylær økologi, DNA profiler, overvåking, Norge, DNA, brown bear, Ursus arctos, molecular ecology, DNA profiles, monitoring, Norway
Forfattere
Ólöf Dóra Bartels Jónsdóttir Julia Schregel Snorre Hagen Camilla Tobiassen Siv Aarnes Albert ImslandSammendrag
The potential for genetic contamination of stocks arising from translocation and subsequent release or escape of translocated and/or genetically mixed stocks may be a significant risk to wild populations. In this context, we undertook a population genetic survey of stocks of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) along the Norwegian coast to establish the existing genetic population structure, which will aid the development of policy of the species’ use as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture. This was done by using 14 microsatellite loci and 287 specimens collected at five fishing grounds, covering most of the Norwegian coastline from south to north, with additional 18 samples of first-generation reared fish from a fish farm outside Tromsø (North Norway). Overall, there was no indication of significant spatial genetic structuring or of positive correlation between geographic and genetic distance among the wild lumpfish samples. These results suggest that, should translocated individuals escape from aquaculture in Norway, this will probably have little to no impact on the genetic composition of the local fish population.