Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Marte Ragnhild Owren Ingvild Byskov Britta Marian Hoem Julien Jabot Hans H. Kolhus Elise Grieg Jakob Sandven Kathrine Loe Bjønness Trude Melby Bothner Mona Irene Andersen Engedal Eirik Knutsen Lene Skyrudsmoen Berit Storbråten Kristina Vikesund Evan Hart Ana Aza Gry Alfredsen Johannes Breidenbach Lise Dalsgaard Rune Eriksen Katharina Hobrak Christian Wilhelm Mohr Christophe Moni Gunnhild SøgaardRedaktører
Ingeborg RønningSammendrag
Norwegian greenhouse gas emission 1990-2023, report to the UN
Sammendrag
Reusing and recycling post-consumer wood can help mitigate GHG emissions and reduce the risks of biodiversity loss by saving primary resources. A robust understanding of the post-consumer wood composition and its cascading potential is critical to enable this. However, there is currently limited research on the topic. This study contributes to filling the knowledge gap by sorting 54 tons of post-consumer wood at two industrial recycling stations and one household recycling station in Norway and further developing a classification system with quantified cascading potentials for post-consumer wood. The results showed that 49–64 percent of the wood at the industrial recycling stations and 32 percent at the household recycling station was load-bearing and untreated solid wood. We argue that these categories have a good potential for reuse and recycling. The high percentages indicate an opportunity for increasing the recycling and reuse of post-consumer wood. However, we also discovered some misplaced preservative-treated materials and a percentage of fiberboards that exceed particleboard manufacturer limits, meaning that sorting before recycling is required. Furthermore, we investigated how the wood composition was influenced by the type of customer delivering wood to the recycling stations and found that households generally deliver lower quality post-consumer wood than industrial customers.
Forfattere
Gry Alfredsen Michael Altgen Mari S. Austigard Johan Mattsson Maria Nunez Lone Ross Sverre Aarseth Tunstad Andreas Treu Igor A. Yakovlev Nanna Bjerregaard PedersenSammendrag
This study uses a novel combination of DNA metabarcoding, light microscopy, decay rating, moisture dynamics, and chemical analysis to investigate wood decay in cultural heritage cable car pylons in Svalbard. Uniform design but varying ages allowed analysis of time-dependent decay. Light microscopy revealed the use of both Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris . Decay progressed more rapidly near ground contact, influencing density, lignin, and holocellulose content, with lignin increasing over time. DNA metabarcoding and microscopy revealed dominant brown and soft rot fungi, with greater fungal diversity near ground level. Several new fungal species were identified for Svalbard and the polar regions. In the context of climate change, this highlights the global importance of monitoring fungal decay in wooden structures. The study emphasises the need for updated species lists and continuous monitoring, as new fungi may affect conservation strategies. The interdisciplinary method offers deeper insight into microbial interactions than single-method approaches.
Sammendrag
Research Highlights The microbial community applied with the digestate accelerated methane formation. CO2 emission was higher under waterlogging than at field capacity in soil with low organic content. Waterlogging decreased methane emission in unamended soil. Only digestate where some methane potential was left induced high methane emission. Methanogens and methanotrophs abundances dynamics partly explain emission patterns.
Sammendrag
Wood modification by impregnation with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is a promising method to improve the woods’ fungal decay resistance, weathering resistance, and dimensional stability. Recent research indicates that 30% of the non-renewable phenol may be substituted by renewable softwood kraft lignin cleavage products obtained through microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Pinus sylvestris sapwood modified with this resin has good fungal decay resistance but slightly enhanced formaldehyde emission. While these results on solid wood indicate a high potential of the method, the properties of modified plywood may differ, and the weathering resistance has not been studied. In this study, formaldehyde emission, weathering resistance and fungal decay resistance against three basidiomycetes (Trametes versicolor, Rhodonia placenta, and Gloeophyllum trabeum) of plywood modified with pure PF resin and PF resin with 30% substitution of the phenol by lignin cleavage products were analysed. The 30% lignin cleavage product substitution didn’t affect the plywood’s fungal decay resistance, with less than 1% initial mass loss in all modified specimens. While the decay resistance improved significantly for all modified samples compared to reference samples, weathering resistance slightly declined with phenol substitution compared to pure PF resin modification. The formaldehyde emissions of the plywood modified with both resins were in similar ranges to that of unmodified reference plywood. Overall, plywood with good properties for exterior applications may be produced even with the substitution of 30% of the phenol by lignin cleavage products, allowing for increased use of renewable resources.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Acetylation greatly increases the decay resistance of wood, but even highly acetylated wood can be degraded by fungi if given sufcient time. This study investigated the degradation of acetylated wood by the brown rot fungus Rhodonia placenta, aiming to understand the fungal-induced changes in wood-water relations that are associated with decay. Acetylated samples as well as unacetylated references were exposed to R. placenta in a stacked-sample decay test to generate samples in diferent stages of decay. The decayed samples were used to investigate changes in acetyl content, water vapour sorption, and maximum cell wall moisture content as measured by solute exclusion. R. placenta caused high mass losses in acetylated wood, but preferential deacetylation was seen only in highly acetylated samples in the early stages of decay. Acetylated samples showed increased hygroscopicity in sorption measurements as a result of R. placenta degradation, particularly at high relative humidity in desorption from the undried decaying state. The increase was very strong in the highly acetylated samples and took place at low mass losses, indicating that it may be at least partially related to the deacetylation of the wood material. Degradation also increased maximum cell wall moisture content, but the increase was stronger in the references than the acetylated samples, suggesting that the acetyl groups remaining in the samples continue to provide a cell wall bulking efect.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Injeong Kim Lone Ross Gry Alfredsen Olov Karlsson Elif Kaynak Oisik Das Dennis Jones George I. Mantanis Dick SandbergSammendrag
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was modified using maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) to improve its durability against wood-deteriorating fungi, mechanical strength, and fire retardancy (thermal stability). The modification significantly reduced mass loss caused by wood-decaying fungi (Trametes versicolor, Rhodonia placenta, and soft rot fungi) due to the formation of cross-links between wood, MA, and SHP, which limited the moisture uptake and altered the chemical structure of wood. On the other hand, the modification did not provide improved resistance to fungi growth on the wood surface, which indicated that the modification had little impact on the accessibility of nutrients on the surface. A bending test showed that the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was not affected by the treatment, whilst the modulus of rupture (MOR) decreased to half the value of untreated wood. Thermal resistance was improved, as demonstrated by micro-scale combustion calorimeter testing, where the total heat release was halved, and the residue percentage nearly doubled. These results indicate that phosphonate protects the modified wood via the formation of a protective char layer on the surface and the formation of radical moieties. Based on the results, wood modified with MA and SHP shows potential for possible use in outdoor, non-loadbearing structures.
Forfattere
Wiesław Olek Waldemar Perdoch Andreas Treu Jerzy Majka Łukasz Czajkowski Bartłomiej Mazela Jerzy WeresSammendrag
The interaction of cellulose paper with water is a major hindrance to its broader application. This study, which introduces a novel approach to understand water vapor difusion in both untreated and treated paper, aims to identify the difusion coefcient, a crucial property in improving the hydrophobicity of paper. The treatment process utilized an aqueous solution of starch or starch modifed with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). While the initial sorption method is frequently used to determine the difusion coefcient, this study found that it could lead to signifcant errors due to the non-Fickian behavior exhibited by lignocellulosic materials. This behavior causes that the hygroscopic equilibrium is not instantly obtained by surface of paper. It also induces slowing down moisture difusion in its fnal stage due to molecular relaxation. For the frst time, the modifed convective boundary condition was introduced into the moisture difusion model in paper materials. The results from vapor sorption experiments demonstrated this non-Fickian behavior, particularly at high values of air relative humidity. The study also revealed that the commonly applied frst kind boundary condition is not applicable, even for thin paper samples, inhibiting the use of the initial sorption method for determining the difusion coefcient. While the treatment with starch and MTMS signifcantly improved the hydrophobic properties of paper, it didn’t alter substantially its hygroscopic properties, potentially due to not blocking active sorption sites of cellulose fbers. This research underscores the need for further investigation into the chemical modifcation of cellulose fbers to improve the hydrophobicity of paper.