Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Christer MagnussonSammendrag
Planteparasittære nematoder (rundormer) lever i jord og planter. Nematodene er av mikroskopisk størrelse, og noen arter fremkaller alvorlige skader på kulturplantene ved å suge på røtter og andre plantedeler. Korn kan skades alvorlig av nematodeangrep. Nyere studier viser et stort mangfold av korncystenematoder (Holgado et al., 2004). Vanlige arter og raser i Norge er H. avenae (Ha 11, Ha 12 og Ha Våxtorp) og rugcystenematoden H. filipjevi (rase Vest), mens artene H. pratensis, H. bifenestra og H. hordecalis er mindre hyppig forekommende (Holgado et al., 2007). Vi vet i dag alt for lite om de forandringer på artsnivå som ligger bak disse langsiktige populasjonsbølgene og skadene.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Bonsak HammeraasSammendrag
Uforklarlige skader i hagen kan være forårsaket av planteparasittære nematoder. Planter med ujevnt vekst, deformerte blader eller buskete deformerte røtter er noen av nematodesymptomene. Nematoder er mikroskopiske rundormer som lever i jord, planter og dyr. De fleste er saprofytter, men noen fremkaller alvorlige skader på plantene ved at de suger på røtter og andre plantedeler. Dreneringen av næring samtidig med at enzymer sprøytes inn i plantene fører til misvekst avlingstap, og kvalitetsfeil. Noen nematoder er spesialisert til visse vertsplanter, mens andre arter har mange vertsplanter. I en kvadratmeter jord finnes det millioner av mikroskopiske nematoder. Også insekter angripes av nematoder, noen arter kan brukes for biologisk bekjempelse av skadeinsekter.
Sammendrag
Snegler har vært det store samtaleemnet på Hageselskapets nettprat i sommer. En kjølig og ikke minst fuktig sommer i sør, har ført til at snegleplagen nærmest har eksplodert mange steder i landet. Artikkelen er i form av et intervju av Arild Andertsen og Solveig Haukeland om snegler og deres bekjempelse.
Sammendrag
Undersøkelser som beskrives er kartlegging av utbredelse i Norge, forebyggende metoder i småhager og bruk av nematoder.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The large arionid slug Arion lusitanicus is a serious pest in northern Europe including many parts of Norway. In Norway it is mainly a pest in home gardens but in recent years it has also spread to horticultural and vegetable crops such as strawberry and lettuce. The use of the slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita against A. lusitanicus is being investigated in an ongoing research project that was initiated in 2005. A survey was conducted to examine the natural occurrence of the slug parasitic nematode P. hermaphrodita. The result of the survey was positive which led to registration of the product Nemaslug in 2005. Several experiments have been conducted to study the effect of both the commercial product Nemaslug and Norwegian isolated P. hermaphrodita on A. lusitanicus slugs. Laboratory and controlled pot experiments confirm that young stages of the slug (0.02 - 0.04g) are most susceptible to infection and death. It also appears that soil based bioassays give more consistent results than assays using Petri dishes with filter paper. Further work on the infection process of nematodes in A. lusitanicus slugs as well as the practical aspects of nematode use in gardens and the field are being addressed.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
De fleste av oss har, enten vi har hage, dyrket mark eller ferdes i skog og mark, hatt befatning med iberiaskogsneglen, brunsneglen, mordersneglen, rambosneglen. Mange navn på en etter hvert velkjent skapning i hagene våre. Sneglene tar godt for seg av plantene blomsterbedet, og man kvier seg for å gå barbeint over en duggfrisk villaplen en sen sommerkveld. Salat- og jordbærbøndene har ennå mer å frykte, eller? Foredrag om iberiaskogsnegl levesett og bekjempelse.
Sammendrag
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been reported from all continents in the world except Antarctica. Africa is the continent with fewest reports so far. There have however been reports on EPNs occurrence in Egypt, Kenya and South Africa. EPNs are well known due to their potential as biological control agents of insect pests. Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is as an important insect pest of banana. This pest causes reduced banana production in all countries of the East African Highlands in particular Tanzania and Uganda. Different strategies have been employed to control the insect. However the potential for using entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of the weevil has not yet been considered in Tanzania. A preliminary study is ongoing to find out if entomopathogenic nematodes naturally exist in banana growing areas in Tanzania. Currently nine soil samples have been collected from three regions (Mbeya, Morogoro and Coast) with different agroecological conditions. The samples have been taken to Bioforsk in Norway, for extraction of EPNs. Analysis of the samples has been done using larvae of the Greater Wax moth (Galleria mellonella) as bait. After 7 and 14 days dead larvae were removed from the soil samples and placed on water agar. Some of the dead larvae were infected with entomopathogenic fungi and at least one sample had a dead larva with EPN infection. In this sample an adult nematode in the genus Steinernema was isolated. Many dead larvae also had what appeared to be secondary infections of saprophytic nematodes (Rhabditidae) and/or saprophytic fungi. Identification to species or genus level of the nematodes is ongoing. This study reports the find of EPNs for the first time in Tanzania. The isolation of indigenous EPNs are important for further studies on their suitability for control of local insect pests including banana weevils. Future work will include more soil samples for EPNs analysis and semi-field tests using EPNs against banana weevil.
Sammendrag
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Epn) have been reported from all continents in the world except Antarctica. Africa is the continent with fewest reports so far. There have however been reports on Epn occurrence in Egypt, Kenya and South Africa. Epns are well known due to their potential as biological control agents of insect pests. Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is considered as an important insect pest of banana. This pest causes reduced banana production in all countries of the East African Highlands in particular Tanzania and Uganda. Different strategies have been employed to control the insect. However the potential for using entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of the weevil has not yet been considered in Tanzania. A preliminary study is ongoing to find out if entomopathogenic nematodes naturally exist in banana growing areas in Tanzania. Currently nine soil samples have been collected from three regions (Mbeya, Morogoro and Coast) with different ecological conditions. The samples have been taken to Bioforsk in Norway, for extraction of Epn. Analysis of the samples has been done using larvae of the Greater Wax moth (Galleria mellonella) as bait. After 7 and 14 days dead larvae were removed from the soil samples and placed on water agar. Some of the dead larvae were infected with entomopathogenic fungi and at least one sample had a dead larva with Epn infection. In this sample an adult nematode in the genus Steinernema was isolated. Many dead larvae also had what appeared to be secondary infections of saprophytic nematodes (Rhabditidae) and/or saprophytic fungi. Identification to species or genus level of the nematodes is ongoing. This study reports the find of Epn for the first time in Tanzania. The isolation of indigenous Epns are important for further studies on their suitability for control of local insect pests including banana weevils. Future work will include more soil samples for Epn analysis and semi-field tests using Epn against banana weevil.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Fra tid til annen gulner plenen og andre grøntarealer uten at noen synlig grunn foreligger. Årsaken til gulningen kan være oldenborrelarver. Artikkelen beskriver problemet med oldenborrer i plen og om bekjempelse.