Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Jihong Liu Clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Merete Dees Roar Moe Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det gis en oversikt over det siste årets arbeid med iberiaskogsnegl, blant annet utprøving av ulike barrierer for å stoppe sneglene, undersøkelse av overvintring i dyrka områder og videre utprøving av Nemaslug. Det blir særlig lagt vekt på at arten er i ferd med å invadere noen dyrka områder langs kysten. En må forvente at arten etter hvert blir et viktigere skadedyr i dyrka arealer, særlig i jordbær, grønnsaker og gras.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is commercially available for slug control in many European countries and is mainly used in home gardens against the grey field slug Deroceras reticulatum. It is also used to a certain extent against Arion lusitanicus even though the larger (adult) stages appear to be unaffected. Few studies have examined the efficacy of this nematode on all developmental stages of A. lusitanicus. Results from on-going studies on the effect of P. hermaphrodita on slug eggs and practical use of P. hermaphrodita will be presented.
Forfattere
Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta J. Jose Gilbert Peter Lindblad Thorsten Heidorn Stig A. Borgvang Kari Skjånes Debabrata DasSammendrag
Hydrogen production through biological routes is promising because they are environmentally friendly. Hydrogen production through biophotolysis or photofermentation is usually a two stage process. In the first stage CO2 is utilized for biomass production which is followed by hydrogen production in the second stage in anaerobic/sulfur deprived conditions in the next stage. The major challenges confronting the large scale production of biomass/hydrogen are limited not only on the performance of the photo bioreactors in which light penetration in dense cultures is a major bottleneck but also on the microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of the organisms. Other dependable factors include area/ volume (A/V) ratio, mode of agitation, temperature and gas exchange. Photobioreactors of different geometries are reported for biohydrogen production-Tubular, Flat plate, Fermentor type etc. Every reactor has its own advantages and disadvantages. No reactor is ideal for this purpose. Airlift, helical tubular and flat plate reactors are found most suitable with respect to biomass production. These bioreactors may be employed for hydrogen production with necessary modifications to overcome the existing bottlenecks like gas hold up, oxygen toxicity and improved agitation system. This review article attempts to focus on existing photobioreactors with respect to biomass generation and hydrogen production and the steps taken to improve its performance through engineering innovation that definitely help in the future construction of photobioreactors.
Sammendrag
Haukeland Solveig 1, Kalinga, Yonna 2, Mwatawala Maulid.2 & Maerere Amon.2 1Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway. solveig.haukeland@bioforsk.no 2Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Production, P.O. Box 3005 Morogoro, Tanzania. Yonna Kalinga, kalingaye@yahoo.co.uk, Maulid Mwatawala, mwatawala@yahoo.com and Amon Maerere, maerere@yahoo.co.uk Among the most important insect pests in fruit production in Tanzania are fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) these include Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp. and Dacus spp. that can significantly reduce yield and fruit quality. Management of fruit flies include cultural control measures such as collecting and destroying infected host fruits, regulatory control (quarantine) and the use of insecticide baits. The best approach for control of fruit flies is to develop an IPM system that include several strategies to reduce the build up of damaging pest populations. Biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are potential candidates within such a system. Naturally occurring EPN isolates in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis have been isolated from a fruit growing area in the Morogoro region in Tanzania. Selected EPN isolates have been tested against larval and pupal stages of three important fruit fly species, Bactrocera invadence, B. cucurbitae and Dacus bivittatus. Results are promising and show that several isolates caused 70% to 90% mortality of larvae for all three fruit fly species. Laboratory studies on the ecological characteristics of selected EPN were also conducted using Galleria mellonella as host.
Sammendrag
Haukeland Solveig and Sundbye Anette The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is commercially available for slug control in many European countries and is mainly used in home gardens against the grey field slug Deroceras reticulatum. In some European countries it is used against the invasive slug pest Arion lusitanicus. The standard application method for using P. hermaphrodita is by surface application at a rate of 300 000 nematodes per square meter. Several studies have shown that A. lusitanicus individuals above 1 gram are not affected by P. hermaphrodita and field experiments indicate that this standard application method does not significantly reduce slug populations. Traditional molluscicides include an attractant, often wheat based packed around an active chemical ingredient. A slug baiting method, using P. hermaphrodita as the active ingredient, might be a better approach for biological control of slugs rather than surface application. We therefore decided to test the effect of P. hermaphrodita treated baits in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory experiments suggest this approach as promising, also against slugs above 1 gram. Results from ongoing field experiments will be presented and discussed.
Sammendrag
Soppen Cylindrocladium buxicola vart i august 2010 stadfesta på buksbom (Buxus sempervirens) i ein privathage i Oslo, og seinare på hausten i Rogaland. C. buxicola vart også funnen på importerte planter i fleire hagesenter i Akershus. Det er difor all grunn til å tru at infiserte planter er spreidde over store område og kan koma til å smitta ned tidlegare etablert buksbom. Infeksjon fører til sterkt bladfall og visning.
Sammendrag
I august 2010 vart det stadfesta store skadar av soppen Cylindrocladium buxicola på buksbom (Buxus sempervi¬rens) i ein privathage i Oslo, og i september vart han funnen i Rogaland. I kjølvatnet av dette fann vi C. buxicola på importerte planter i fleire hagesenter i Akershus. Infiserte planter er difor truleg spreidde over store område og utgjer dermed eit sterkt smittepress på tidlegare etablert buksbom. Denne skadegjeraren er eit omfattande problem på buksbom i mange europeiske land, og er nok eit døme på korleis handel med planter spreier skadeorganismar.