Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Sammendrag
Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of great importance for the worldwide food supply and economy. Along with the quick expansion of aquaculture, the high fish densities employed in fish farming increase the risks of outbreaks of a variety of aquatic diseases. Such diseases not only cause huge economic losses, but also lead to ecological hazards in terms of pathogen spread to marine ecosystems causing infection of wild fish and polluting the environment. Thus, fish health is essential for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable and a prerequisite for intensive aquaculture production globally. The wide use of antibiotics and drug residues has caused intensive pollution along with risks for food safety and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination is the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to battle infectious diseases in aquaculture with minimal ecological impact and is applicable to most species of farmed fish. However, there are only 34 fish vaccines commercially available globally to date, showing the urgent need for further development of fish vaccines to manage fish health and ensure food safety. Plant genetic engineering has been utilized to produce genetically modified crops with desirable characteristics and has also been used for vaccine production, with several advantages including cost-effectiveness, safety when compared with live virus vaccines, and plants being capable of carrying out posttranslational modifications that are similar to naturally occurring systems. So far, plant-derived vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced for human and animal health. However, the development of plant-made vaccines for animals, especially fish, is still lagging behind the development of human vaccines. The present review summarizes the development of fish vaccines currently utilized and the suitability of the plant-production platform for fish vaccine and then addresses considerations regarding fish vaccine production in plants. Developing fish vaccines by way of plant biotechnology are significant for the aquaculture industry, fish health management, food safety, and human health.
Forfattere
Juliana PerminowSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Juliana PerminowSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jens H. Kuhn Scott Adkins Bernard R. Agwanda Rim Al Kubrusli Sergey V. Alkhovsky Gaya K. Amarasinghe Tatjana Avšič-Županc María A. Ayllón Justin Bahl Anne Balkema-Buschmann Matthew J. Ballinger Christopher F. Basler Sina Bavari Martin Beer Nicolas Bejerman Andrew J. Bennett Dennis A. Bente Éric Bergeron Brian H. Bird Carol D. Blair Kim R. Blasdell Dag-Ragnar Blystad Jamie Bojko Wayne B. Borth Steven Bradfute Rachel Breyta Thomas Briese Paul A. Brown Judith K. Brown Ursula J. Buchholz Michael J. Buchmeier Alexander Bukreyev Felicity Burt Carmen Büttner Charles H. Calisher Mengji Cao Inmaculada Casas Kartik Chandran Rémi N. Charrel Qi Cheng Yuya Chiaki Marco Chiapello Il-Ryong Choi Marina Ciuffo J. Christopher S. Clegg Ian Crozier Elena Dal Bó Juan Carlos de la Torre Xavier de Lamballerie Rik L. de Swart Humberto Debat Nolwenn M. Dheilly Emiliano Di Cicco Nicholas Di Paola Francesco Di Serio Ralf G. Dietzgen Michele Digiaro Olga Dolnik Michael A. Drebot J. Felix Drexler William G. Dundon W. paul Duprex Ralf Dürrwald John M. Dye Andrew J. Easton Hideki Ebihara Toufic Elbeaino Koray Ergünay Hugh W. Ferguson Anthony R. Fooks Marco Forgia Pierre B.H. Formenty Jana Fránová Juliana Freitas-Astúa Jingjing Fu Stephanie Fürl Selma Gago-Zachert George Fú Gāo María Laura García Adolfo García-Sastre Aura R. Garrison Thomas Gaskin Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez Anthony Griffiths Tony L. Goldberg Martin H. Groschup Stephan Günther Roy A. Hall John Hammond Tong Han Jussi Hepojoki Roger Hewson Jiang Hong Ni Hong Seiji Hongo Masayuki Horie John S. Hu Tao Hu Holly R. Hughes Florian Hüttner Timothy H. Hyndman M. Ilyas Risto Jalkanen Dàohóng Jiāng Gilda B. Jonson Sandra Junglen Fujio Kadono Karia H. Kaukinen Michael Kawate Boris Klempa Jonas Klingström Gary Kobinger Igor Koloniuk Hideki Kondo Eugene V. Koonin Mart Krupovic Kenji Kubota Gael Kurath Lies Laenen Amy J. Lambert Stanley L. Langevin Benhur Lee Elliot J. Lefkowitz Eric M. Leroy Shaorong Li Longhui Li Jianrong Li Huazhen Liu Igor S. Lukashevich Piet Maes William Marciel de Souza Marco Marklewitz Sergio H. Marshall Shin-Yi L. Marzano Sebastien Massart John W. McCauley Michael Melzer Nicole Mielke-Ehret Kristina M. Miller Tobi J. Ming Ali Mirazimi Gideon J. Mordecai Hans-Peter Mühlbach Elke Mühlberger Rayapati Naidu Tomohide Natsuaki José A. Navarro Sergey V. Netesov Gabriele Neumann Norbert Nowotny Márcio R. T. Nunes Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde Gustavo Palacios Vicente Pallás Bernadett Pályi Anna Papa Sofia Paraskevopoulou Adam C. Park Colin R. Parrish David A. Patterson Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa Janusz T. Pawęska Susan Payne Carlotta Peracchio Daniel R. Pérez Thomas S. Postler Liying Qi Sheli R. Radoshitzky Renato O. Resende Carina A. Reyes Bertus K. Rima Gabriel Robles Luna Víctor Romanowski Paul Rota Dennis Rubbenstroth Luisa Rubino Jonathan Runstadler Sead Sabanadzovic Amadou Alpha Sall Maria S. Salvato Rosemary Sang Takahide Sasaya Angela D. Schulze Martin Schwemmle Mang Shi Xiǎohóng Shí Zhènglì Shí Yoshifumi Shimomoto Yukio Shirako Stuart G. Siddell Peter Simmonds Manuela Sironi Guy Smagghe Sophie J. Smither Jin-Won Song Kirsten Spann Jessica R. Spengler Mark D. Stenglein David M. Stone Jari Sugano Curtis A. Suttle Amy Tabata Ayato Takada Shigeharu Takeuchi David P. Tchouassi Amy Teffer Robert B. Tesh Natalie J. Thornburg Yasuhiro Tomitaka Keizō Tomonaga Noël Tordo Baldwyn Torto Jonathan S. Towner Shinya Tsuda Changchun Tu Massimo Turina Ioannis E. Tzanetakis Janice Uchida Tomio Usugi Anna Maria Vaira Marta Vallino Bernadette van den Hoogen Arvind Varsani Nikos Vasilakis Martin Verbeek Susanne von Bargen Jiro Wada Victoria Wahl Peter J. Walker Lin-Fa Wang Guoping Wang Yanxiang Wang Yaqin Wang Muhammad Waqas Tàiyún Wèi Shaohua Wen Anna E. Whitfield John V. Williams Yuri I. Wolf Jiangxiang Wu Lei Xu Hironobu Yanagisawa Caixia Yang Zuokun Yang F. Murilo Zerbini Lifeng Zhai Yong-Zhen Zhang Song Zhang Jinguo Zhang Zhe Zhang Xueping ZhouSammendrag
In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Forfattere
Jens H. Kuhn Scott Adkins Bernard R. Agwanda Rim Al Kubrusli Sergey V. Alkhovsky Gaya K. Amarasinghe Tatjana Avšič-Županc María A. Ayllón Justin Bahl Anne Balkema-Buschmann Matthew J. Ballinger Christopher F. Basler Sina Bavari Martin Beer Nicolas Bejerman Andrew J. Bennett Dennis A. Bente Éric Bergeron Brian H. Bird Carol D. Blair Kim R. Blasdell Dag-Ragnar Blystad Jamie Bojko Wayne B. Borth Steven Bradfute Rachel Breyta Thomas Briese Paul A. Brown Judith K. Brown Ursula J. Buchholz Michael J. Buchmeier Alexander Bukreyev Felicity Burt Carmen Büttner Charles H. Calisher Mengji Cao Inmaculada Casas Kartik Chandran Rémi N. Charrel Qi Cheng Yuya Chiaki Marco Chiapello Il-Ryong Choi Marina Ciuffo J. Christopher S. Clegg Ian Crozier Elena Dal Bó Juan Carlos de la Torre Xavier de Lamballerie Rik L. de Swart Humberto Debat Nolwenn M. Dheilly Emiliano Di Cicco Nicholas Di Paola Francesco Di Serio Ralf G. Dietzgen Michele Digiaro Olga Dolnik Michael A. Drebot J. Felix Drexler William G. Dundon W. Paul Duprex Ralf Dürrwald John M. Dye Andrew J. Easton Hideki Ebihara Toufic Elbeaino Koray Ergünay Hugh W. Ferguson Anthony R. Fooks Marco Forgia Pierre B. H. Formenty Jana Fránová Juliana Freitas-Astúa Jingjing Fu Stephanie Fürl Selma Gago-Zachert George Fú Gāo María Laura García Adolfo García-Sastre Aura R. Garrison Thomas Gaskin Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez Anthony Griffiths Tony L. Goldberg Martin H. Groschup Stephan Günther Roy A. Hall John Hammond Tong Han Jussi Hepojoki Roger Hewson Jiang Hong Ni Hong Seiji Hongo Masayuki Horie John S. Hu Tao Hu Holly R. Hughes Florian Hüttner Timothy H. Hyndman M. Ilyas Risto Jalkanen Dàohóng Jiāng Gilda B. Jonson Sandra Junglen Fujio Kadono Karia H. Kaukinen Michael Kawate Boris Klempa Jonas Klingström Gary Kobinger Igor Koloniuk Hideki Kondō Eugene V. Koonin Mart Krupovic Kenji Kubota Gael Kurath Lies Laenen Amy J. Lambert Stanley L. Langevin Benhur Lee Elliot J. Lefkowitz Eric M. Leroy Shaorong Li Longhui Li Jiànróng Lǐ Huazhen Liu Igor S. Lukashevich Piet Maes William Marciel de Souza Marco Marklewitz Sergio H. Marshall Shin-Yi L. Marzano Sebastien Massart John W. McCauley Michael Melzer Nicole Mielke-Ehret Kristina M. Miller Tobi J. Ming Ali Mirazimi Gideon J. Mordecai Hans-Peter Mühlbach Elke Mühlberger Rayapati Naidu Tomohide Natsuaki José A. Navarro Sergey V. Netesov Gabriele Neumann Norbert Nowotny Márcio R. T. Nunes Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde Gustavo Palacios Vicente Pallás Bernadett Pályi Anna Papa Sofia Paraskevopoulou Adam C. Park Colin R. Parrish David A. Patterson Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa Janusz T. Pawęska Susan Payne Carlotta Peracchio Daniel R. Pérez Thomas S. Postler Liying Qi Sheli R. Radoshitzky Renato O. Resende Carina A. Reyes Bertus K. Rima Gabriel Robles Luna Víctor Romanowski Paul Rota Dennis Rubbenstroth Luisa Rubino Jonathan A. Runstadler Sead Sabanadzovic Amadou Alpha Sall Maria S. Salvato Rosemary Sang Takahide Sasaya Angela D. Schulze Martin Schwemmle Mang Shi Xiǎohóng Shí Zhènglì Shí Yoshifumi Shimomoto Yukio Shirako Stuart G. Siddell Peter Simmonds Manuela Sironi Guy Smagghe Sophie Smither Jin-Won Song Kirsten Spann Jessica R. Spengler Mark D. Stenglein David M. Stone Jari Sugano Curtis A. Suttle Amy Tabata Ayato Takada Shigeharu Takeuchi David P. Tchouassi Amy Teffer Robert B. Tesh Natalie J. Thornburg Yasuhiro Tomitaka Keizō Tomonaga Noël Tordo Baldwyn Torto Jonathan S. Towner Shinya Tsuda Changchun Tu Massimo Turina Ioannis E. Tzanetakis Janice Uchida Tomio Usugi Anna Maria Vaira Marta Vallino Bernadette van den Hoogen Arvind Varsani Nikos Vasilakis Martin Verbeek Susanne von Bargen Jiro Wada Victoria Wahl Peter J. Walker Lin-Fa Wang Guoping Wang Yanxiang Wang Yaqin Wang Muhammad Waqas Tàiyún Wèi Shaohua Wen Anna E. Whitfield John V. Williams Yuri I. Wolf Jiangxiang Wu Lei Xu Hironobu Yanagisawa Caixia Yang Zuokun Yang F. Murilo Zerbini Lifeng Zhai Yong-Zhen Zhang Song Zhang Jinguo Zhang Zhe Zhang Xueping ZhouSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Beatrix Alsanius Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Sandra A.I. Wright Per Hans Micael Wendell Paal Krokene Johan Stenberg Iben Margrete Thomsen Trond RafossSammendrag
Key words: VKM, risk assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Norwegian Environment Agency, Biowaste, Compost, Plant health, organic waste, Phytosanitary safety, Biogas, Alien organisms Introduction The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) have jointly asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for food and environment for an assessment into treatment methods and validation methods for compost and digestate based on organic waste in relation to plant health and the spread of harmful alien organisms in Norway. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority will use the report in its supervisory work over companies that produce compost and digestate. The assessment will also provide important input for the regulatory development of several current regulations including regulations on indicator organisms that are used to validate new methods and ensure adequate security with regards to the survival of plant pests. The Norwegian Environment Agency wants to establish whether the methods used in the composting of garden waste and other types of plant waste today are able to ensure that the finished product does not become a source for the spread of harmful alien organisms. This will form the basis for the Norwegian Environment Agency’s guidelines relating to the precautionary provisions in the regulation on alien organisms. This request is limited to an assessment of plant pests and harmful alien organisms (hereinafter alien organisms). The survival of infectious diseases harmful to people and animals is considered in separate assessments. Methods We have conducted initiating workshops for identifying relevant fundamental processes and parameters, of relevant organisms and of relevant search terms for the literature surveys, as well as for discussion and validation. Visits to composting facilities and contact with stakeholders in Norway were also conducted. This information was further implemented in an extensive literature search. This assessment include/encompass organic waste and other materials that are currently treated in biogas and composting facilities, including garden and park waste (incl. soil), plant waste from garden centres, etc., food waste and waste from the food and animal feed industry (including grain/seed husks and waste from enterprises which package and process potatoes and vegetables), manure, bulking agents used in composting facilities, and husks from contracted grain/seed cleaners for sowing. We have used a quantitative risk assessment. The level of confidence in the risk assessment is described, and uncertainties and data gaps identified. Furthermore, we have used re-submission commenting and external expert reviewing before final approval and publication. ...........
Sammendrag
Plants with roots and soil clumps transported over long distances in plant trading can harbor plant pathogenic oomycetes, facilitating disease outbreaks that threaten ecosystems, biodiversity, and food security. Tools to detect the presence of such oomycetes with a sufficiently high throughput and broad scope are currently not part of international phytosanitary testing regimes. In this work, DNA metabarcoding targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was employed to broadly detect and identify oomycetes present in soil from internationally shipped plants. This method was compared to traditional isolation-based detection and identification after an enrichment step. DNA metabarcoding showed widespread presence of potentially plant pathogenic Phytophthora and Pythium species in internationally transported rhizospheric soil with Pythium being the overall most abundant genus observed. Baiting, a commonly employed enrichment method for Phytophthora species, led to an increase of golden-brown algae in the soil samples, but did not increase the relative or absolute abundance of potentially plant pathogenic oomycetes. Metabarcoding of rhizospheric soil yielded DNA sequences corresponding to oomycete isolates obtained after enrichment and identified them correctly but did not always detect the isolated oomycetes in the same samples. This work provides a proof of concept and outlines necessary improvements for the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) and metabarcoding as a standalone phytosanitary assessment tool for broad detection and identification of plant pathogenic oomycetes.
Forfattere
Johan A. Stenberg Kjetil K. Melby Christer Magnusson Anders Nielsen Julie Rydning Micael Wendell Beatrix Alsanius Paal Krokene Mogens Nicolaisen Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright Trond RafossSammendrag
Key words: VKM, risk assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Food Safety Authority, biological control, Nematodes, Phasmarhabditis californica, Moraxella osloensis. Parasitic nematodes and associated bacteria are increasingly being used for biocontrol of molluscs. Functionally, it is the bacteria that kill and thus control the targeted pests, but the function of the bacteria is dependent on the nematodes, which should be regarded as vectors of biocontrol. Although the nematodes and the bacteria have a symbiotic relationship within such biocontrol formulations, it should be noted that they are not dependent on each other in the wild, but can establish separate populations which can be free-living or hosted by other organisms. The biocontrol product Nemaslug 2.0 contains the nematode Phasmarhabditis californica (strain P19D) and the bacterial symbiont Moraxella osloensis (unknown strain). The nematode was first described in 2016 and has never been reported in Norway. The lack of reports suggests that it is absent from Norway, but this conclusion comes with a high degree of uncertainty since there have been limited search efforts. The climatic thresholds of the nematode are not known, but its current distribution, spanning widely varying climates, suggests that it could survive and establish in Norway. Natural spread from currently known areas of establishment to natural habitats in Norway is ruled out due to the nematode’s limited dispersal capacity. However, human-assisted spread (e.g. via the use of biocontrol products) and establishment would be likely if Nemaslug 2.0 is allowed for use in open fields in Norway. Use of Nemaslug 2.0 in greenhouses and other enclosed areas is not likely to facilitate spread to natural habitats in Norway provided that residues are properly handled. However, deposition of product residues from greenhouses to outdoor areas may result in local establishment of the nematode in the vicinity of the deposition. Phasmarhabditis californica has a broad host range and may parasitize both rare/endangered and common mollusc species. However, there is no scientific evidence suggesting that the nematode can affect natural populations of molluscs in wild habitats, or otherwise have negative effects on biodiversity. The nematodes’ association with the bacteria Moraxella osloensis is most likely lost, or at least weakened, in natural habitats, suggesting that the nematode becomes less capable of killing its hosts in the wild. Phasmarhabditis californica is not capable of harming or infecting humans. The bacterial species Moraxella osloensis is already present in Norway in a few locations and at a low abundance, and it may be native to Norway. Little is known regarding its distribution in natural environments, but the literature shows that it can infect humans and other mammals. In humans with immunodeficiency or other comorbidities, M. osloensis can cause meningitis, vaginitis, sinusitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and septic arthritis. The risk of infection in people handling Nemaslug 2.0 can probably be substantially reduced by protective clothing and appropriate handling. We are not aware of any reported health issues arising from use of the previous version of Nemaslug, which also contains M. osloensis. Different strains of M. osloensis are known to vary in their sensitivity to antibiotics, and likely in other traits too. Thus, the lack of information provided about the strain identity and specific characteristics of the strain used in Nemaslug 2.0 generates a high degree of uncertainty regarding its pathogenicity, climate tolerance, sensitivity to antibiotics etc.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jan M. van der Wolf Ivette Acuña Solke H. De Boer May Bente Brurberg Greig Cahill Amy O. Charkowski Teresa Coutinho Triona Davey Merete Wiken Dees Yeshitila Degefu Brice Dupuis John G. Elphinstone Jiaqin Fan Esmaeil Fazelisanagri Thomas Fleming Nahid Gerayeli Vladimir Gorshkov Valérie Helias Yves le Hingrat Steven B. Johnson Andreas Keiser Isabelle Kellenberger Xiang (Sean) Li Ewa Lojkowska Rodney Martin Juliana Perminow Olga Petrova Agata Motyka-Pomagruk Simeon Rossmann Santiago Schaerer Wojciech Sledz Ian K. Toth Leah Tsror Jacquie E. van der Waals Patrice de Werra Iris YedidiaSammendrag
Soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are ubiquitous on earth as there are records of findings from all continents where host plants are grown. This chapter describes information on soft rot diseases on these continents. For some countries, detailed information is provided by local experts on the SRP present, their economic damage, and the management strategies applied for their control. The focus of the chapter is mainly on SRP as causative agents of potato blackleg, although in specific cases details are provided on SRP in other host plants. In Europe, the SRP cause important economic losses mainly on potato, with most species described in the literature being found. In Latin America significant losses are also reported due to potato diseases caused by various Dickeya and Pectobacterium species, while in Australia and Oceania, recent outbreaks of D. dianthicola in potato have resulted in high economic losses. In Asia, however, SRP cause economic losses mainly in vegetable crops other than potato, while in North America SRP cause diseases on a wide range of crops (including potato and ornamental plants) in both field and storage. In Africa SRP are only known to occur in 17 of the 54 African countries but where it is known, potato is the most affected crop.