Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2017
Authors
John Marshall Bryden Stig Strandli GezeliusAbstract
Innovation policies’ normative foundations have been little discussed in the academic literature, despite these foundations’ impact on the priorities and consequences of innovation. Especially, the aim of sustainable development calls for discussion about innovation’s normative foundations. This article discusses ethical principles drawn from ideas about Triple Bottom Line (TBL) accounting, human rights, and the New Sussex Manifesto. It discusses implications that these ethical principles have for innovation systems design and for innovation policies. Based on that discussion, the authors outline a principle of a human rights-based TBL in innovation. This principle implies that innovation systems, especially those involving vital resources, should look beyond science, technology, and competitiveness, and consider the needs and rights of those whose livelihoods depend on the resources in question. The article concludes with a set of general principles for the design of innovation systems in natural resource-based economies.
Authors
Ingeborg KlingenAbstract
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Abstract
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Authors
Andreas Schmitz Karin Hansen Alexa Michel Anne-Katrin Prescher Tanja GM Sanders Walter Seidling Nicholas Clarke Arne Verstraeten Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Daniel Žlindra Lars Vesterdal Sue Benham David Elustondo Manuel Nicolas Peter Waldner Carmen IacobanAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ned B. Klopfenstein Jane E. Stewart Yuko Ota John W. Hanna Bryce A. Richardson Amy L. Ross-Davis Rubén D. Elías-Román Kari Korhonen Nenad Djuro Keča Eugenia Iturritxa, Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales Halvor Solheim Nicholas J. Brazee Piotr Łakomy Michelle R. Cleary Eri Hasegawa Taisei Kikuchi Fortunato Garza-Ocañas Panaghiotis Tsopelas Daniel Rigling Simone Prospero, Tetyana Tsykun Jean A. Bérubé Franck O.P. Stefani Saeideh Jafarpour Vladimír Antonín Michal Tomšovský Geral I. McDonald Stephen Woodward Mee-Sook KimAbstract
Armillaria possesses several intriguing characteristics that have inspired wide interest in understanding phylogenetic relationships within and among species of this genus. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence– based analyses of Armillaria provide only limited information for phylogenetic studies among widely divergent taxa. More recent studies have shown that translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) sequences are highly informative for phylogenetic analysis of Armillaria species within diverse global regions. This study used Neighbor-net and coalescence-based Bayesian analyses to examine phylogenetic relationships of newly determined and existing tef1 sequences derived from diverse Armillaria species from across the Northern Hemisphere, with Southern Hemisphere Armillaria species included for reference. Based on the Bayesian analysis of tef1 sequences, Armillaria species from the Northern Hemisphere are generally contained within the following four superclades, which are named according to the specific epithet of the most frequently cited species within the superclade: (i) Socialis/Tabescens (exannulate) superclade including Eurasian A. ectypa, North American A. socialis (A. tabescens), and Eurasian A. socialis (A. tabescens) clades; (ii) Mellea superclade including undescribed annulate North American Armillaria sp. (Mexico) and four separate clades of A. mellea (Europe and Iran, eastern Asia, and two groups from North America); (iii) Gallica superclade including Armillaria Nag E (Japan), multiple clades of A. gallica (Asia and Europe), A. calvescens (eastern North America), A. cepistipes (North America), A. altimontana (western USA), A. nabsnona (North America and Japan), and at least two A. gallica clades (North America); and (iv) Solidipes/Ostoyae superclade including two A. solidipes/ostoyae clades (North America), A. gemina (eastern USA), A. solidipes/ostoyae (Eurasia), A. cepistipes (Europe and Japan), A. sinapina (North America and Japan), and A. borealis (Eurasia) clade 2. Of note is that A. borealis (Eurasia) clade 1 appears basal to the Solidipes/Ostoyae and Gallica superclades. The Neighbor-net analysis showed similar phylogenetic relationships. This study further demonstrates the utility of tef1 for global phylogenetic studies of Armillaria species and provides critical insights into multiple taxonomic issues that warrant further study.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marianne Stenrød Therese With Berge Ole Martin Eklo Alexander Melvold Engebretsen Andrea Ficke Valborg Kvakkestad Roar Lågbu Anne Prestvik Karen Refsgaard Divina Gracia P. Rodrigues Eivind Solbakken Jörn Strassemeyer Kirsten Tørresen Anne Falk ØgaardAbstract
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Authors
Trygve S. AamlidAbstract
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Authors
Ingeborg KlingenAbstract
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Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter average temperature and precipitation values and to increase the variability of precipitation events, which may lead to even more intense and frequent water hazards. Water hazards engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of scientific and engineering principles for protection of human populations from the effects of water hazards; protection of environments, both local and global, from the potentially deleterious effects of water hazards; and improvement of environmental quality for mitigating the negative effects of water hazards. An integrated approach of water hazards engineering based on mapping, nature-based and technical solutions will constitute a feasible solution in the process of adapting to challenges generated by climate changes worldwide. This paper will debate this concept also providing some examples from several European countries.