Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2020
Authors
Mehdi Daemi-Saeidabad Abdolali Shojaeiyan Adam Vivian-Smith Hans K. Stenøien Mohsen Falahati-AnbaranAbstract
Copyright: © 2020 Daemi-Saeidabad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Authors
Graham Fairclough Henk Baas Bolette Bele Niels Dabaut Knut Anders Hovstad Gro B. Jerpåsen Kari Ch. Larsen Michel Lascaris Almudena Orejas Bas Pedroli Edwin Raap Guillermo Reher Véronique Karine Simon Sam Turner Veerle van Eetvelde Annelies van CaenegemAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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Authors
Anastasia Georgantzopoulou Claire Coutris Kuria Ndungu Christian Vogelsang Patricia Almeida Carvalho Ana Catarina Almeida Ailbhe MackenAbstract
The majority of nanomaterials (NMs) used in commercial applications are likely to enter the wastewater stream and reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Studies have shown high association of NMs with sewage sludge therefore soils can be a sink for NM pollution making terrestrial organisms vulnerable. NMs undergo transformations in different environmental matrices leading to altered behaviour, bioavailability and subsequent toxicity that can differ from the pristinepristine material. The NM transformation and the potential hazard they pose in these compartments are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to elucidate (i) the behaviour of Ag and TiO2 NMs in sewage sludge and sludge amended-soil and (ii) the subsequent effects of transformed NMs on the coelomocytes of the earthworm E. fetida.Spherical polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 25 nm) and uncoated TiO2 NPs (anatase, 5 nm primary size, NM-101,JRC) were used in this study. Two types of sludge were used for the exposures, one from a municipal WWTP (Oslo, Norway), and another from a lab-scale WWTP simulating biological wastewater treatment processes continuously dosed during 5 weeks with well-characterised Ag and TiO2 NPs. Earthworms (adults E. fetida) were exposed to LUFA 2.2 soil amended with sewage sludge at two application rates: 20 t ha-1 (maximum recommended application rate in Europe), and 3 times this application rate, i.e. 60 t ha-1 (worst-case scenario). After 12 and 39 days, coelomocytes were isolated from exposed earthworms, and effects on cell population, metabolic activity, lysosomal integrity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were assessed. Characterization of NMs in the sludge amended-soil and soil elutriates, in whole earthworms and coelomocytes isolated from exposed earthworms, was carried out at the beginning (day 0), during (day 12) and the end (day 39) of the exposure period, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and single-particle (sp)-ICP-MS. Dose and exposure time-dependent effects were observed, with an alteration in the cell composition of coelomocytes, increase in ROS formation and decrease in lysosomal membrane integrity being more pronounced at the highest exposure concentration. The importance of taking NM transformation into account and the sensitivity of the E. fetida coelomocytes as a model to study the effects of transformed NMs in vitro are discussed.
Authors
Lampros LamprinakisAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Alexander N. Shikov Vera M. Kosman Elena V. Flissyuk Irina E. Smekhova Abdelhameed Elameen Olga N. PozharitskayaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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Abstract
Global economic value of agriculture production resulting from animal pollination services has been estimated to be $235–$577 billion. This estimate is based on quantification of crops that are available at the global markets, and mainly originates from countries with precise information about quantities of agriculture production, exports, and imports. In contrast, knowledge about the contribution of pollinators to household food and income in small-scale farming at local and regional scales is still lacking, especially for developing countries where the availability of agricultural statistics is limited. Although the global decline in pollinator diversity and abundance has received much attention, relatively little effort has been directed towards understanding the role of pollinators in small-scale farming systems, which feed a substantial part of the world’s population. Here, we have assessed how local farmers in northern Tanzania depend on insect-pollinated crops for household food and income, and to what extent farmers are aware of the importance of insect pollinators and how they can conserve them. Our results show that local farmers in northern Tanzania derived their food and income from a wide range of crop plants, and that 67% of these crops depend on animal pollination to a moderate to essential degree. We also found that watermelon—for which pollination by insects is essential for yield—on average contributed nearly 25% of household income, and that watermelons were grown by 63% of the farmers. Our findings indicate that local farmers can increase their yields from animal pollinated crops by adopting more pollinator-friendly farming practices. Yet, we found that local farmers’ awareness of pollinators, and the ecosystem service they provide, was extremely low, and intentional actions to conserve or manage them were generally lacking. We therefore urge agriculture authorities in Tanzania to act to ensure that local farmers become aware of insect pollinators and their important role in agriculture production.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Muhammad Azher Bhatti Lars Olav Eik Geir Steinheim Tormod Ådnøy David Laurence Hopkins Leif Jarle AsheimAbstract
No abstract has been registered