Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2010
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Randi Therese Garmo Steinar Waage Ståle Sviland Britt Henriksen Olav Østerås Olav ReksenAbstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate whether there were differences between Norwegian Red cows in conventional and organic farming with respect to reproductive performance, udder health, and antibiotic resistance in udder pathogens. Twenty-five conventional and 24 organic herds from south-east and middle Norway participated in the study. Herds were matched such that geographical location, herd size, and barn types were similar across the cohorts. All organic herds were certified as organic between 1997 and 2003. All herds were members of the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System. The herds were visited once during the study. The relationship between the outcomes and explanatory variables were assessed using mixed linear models. Results: There were less > 2nd parity cows in conventional farming. The conventional cows had higher milk yields and received more concentrates than organic cows. Although after adjustment for milk yield and parity, somatic cell count was lower in organic cows than conventional cows. There was a higher proportion of quarters that were dried off at the herd visit in organic herds. No differences in the interval to first AI, interval to last AI or calving interval was revealed between organic and conventional cows. There was no difference between conventional and organic cows in quarter samples positive for mastitis bacteria from the herd visit. Milk yield and parity were associated with the likelihood of at least one quarter positive for mastitis bacteria. There was few S. aureus isolates resistance to penicillin in both management systems. Penicillin resistance against Coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from subclinically infected quarters was 48.5% in conventional herds and 46.5% in organic herds. Conclusion: There were no large differences between reproductive performance and udder health between conventional and organic farming for Norwegian Red cows.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Anne Øgaard Sissel HansenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Anders Ruus Norman Whitaker Green Amund Måge Carl Amundsen Merete Schøyen Jens SkeiAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
A research has been undertaken studying pesticide residues in water from greenhouses and the use of soils and filter materials to reduce such losses. The pesticides detected in water samples collected downstream greenhouses include 9 fungicides, 5 herbicides and 4 insecticides. 10 compounds from flower and vegetable productions were frequently found to exceed environmental risk levels, and with a few exceptions the compounds were found in higher concentrations than those typically found in agricultural runoff. Some compounds were found in high concentrations (.1mg/l) in undiluted runoff from greenhouses producing vegetables. Nutrient concentrations in the runoff were also sporadically very high, with phosphorous values varying between 0.85 and 7.4mgP/l, and nitrogen values between 7.5 and 41.4mgN/l. Undiluted runoff from the productions showed values of 60mgP/l and 300mgN/l. High values of pesticides correlated with high values of nutrients, especially P. Column experiments using a sandy agricultural soil and stock solutions of non-polar and slightly polar pesticides mixed with a complex binder and nutrients showed a significant reduction for nearly all of the compounds used, indicating that transport through soil will reduce the concentrations of the studied pesticides. The pesticide adsorption capacity of the filter materials pine bark, peat, Sphagnum moss, compost, oat straw, ferrous sand and clay soil were tested in batch and column experiments. Adsorption were studied contacting the filter materials with aqueous solutions containing greenhouse production pesticides. The batch experiments showed that pine bark and peat, both combining a high content of organic matter with a low ph, provided the highest adsorption for most of the tested pesticides. Sphagnum moss, compost and oat straw also showed high adsorption for most of the pesticides, while the mineral filters provided the lowest adsorption (30-55%). Further column experiments confirmed these results, displaying the best removal efficiency in the organic materials, varying from 200mg/g in compost, to 500mg/g in moss, straw and pine bark.
Authors
Mekjell MelandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Trond Rafoss Knut Sælid Arild Sletten Lars Fredrik Gyland Liv EngravsliaAbstract
The threat posed by invasive alien species to global crop production and biodiversity is recognized as one of the major drivers of global change today. Here we report on a successful implementation and operational use of new technology to support risk- and crisis management in the case of fighting an invasive plant disease. The open geospatial standards Web Feature Service Transaction (WFS-T) was implemented in software for GPS-enabled mobile phones communicating with a GeoServer backend in order to track down and eradicate disease outbreaks and susceptible host plants. This new technology offering georeferenced events online from field provides new possibilities for real time action in risk and crisis management.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Trond HofsvangAbstract
Two Malaise traps were set up at Ås, Southern Norway, during the growing seasons 1992-1997, one trap in an organic grown barley field and one in its boundary. Totally 23 species of Tipulidae (Diptera) were identified, of these eight species belonged to the genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803. Of the total specimens collected 93% of the males and 88% of the females belonged to this genus. Comparing the two traps, 80% of the Nephrotoma specimens were recorded in the organic field. It is discussed if larvae of Nephrotoma spp. in Norway can be potential pests in agricultural crops as reported from other countries. To Malaisefeller ble plassert ut i Ås i vekstsesongene 1992-1997, en i en økologisk dyrket byggåker og en i kanten av åkeren. Totalt ble 23 arter av stankelbein (Tipulidae, Diptera) identifisert, 8 av disse tilhørte slekten Nephrotoma. Av det totale antall individer som ble samlet inn, var 93 % av hannene og 88 % av hunnene av slekten Nephrotoma. 80 % av Nephrotoma-individene ble funnet i den fellen som sto ute i byggåkeren. I mange andre land er larver av Nephrotoma-arter skadedyr på mange kulturplanter i jordbruket, og det diskuteres om disse artene kan opptre som skadedyr i Norge.