Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2007
Authors
Mensur Vegara Thor S. Larsen Hans Magnus Gjøen Anders Kiessling Roger K. Abrahamsen Ole Hofstad Lars Helge Frivold Bal Ram Singh Roberto Garcia Geir-Harald Strand dag-ragnar blystad Åsmund AsdalAbstract
The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has been funding an NORWEGIAN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE) PROGRAMME IN AGRICULTURE; Competence transfer and institutional contact and co-operation between faculties of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine in South Eastern Europe, (2002 ?2005). The main objectives under this programme were: - To improve organising, content and quality of academic education and research in agriculture, veterinary medicine and forestry to meet with needs for qualified people in ongoing rebuilding after wars and to reach the general European level and standards. - Create functional and sustainable networks of regional institutions and professionals to support each other and cooperate for optimal use of limited available resources in the SEE region in a difficult rebuilding situation. The main activities were: - Research and development projects in the areas of animal sciences, crop and fodder production and use of GIS-methods in forestry and agriculture. - Support to development of staff and institutions in form of study stays, study material, covering of costs for laboratory analysis etc. related to M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis work, guest lecturing and some equipment. - Support to reorientation of academic education in agriculture, forestry and veterinary medicine. - Support to regional networks, professional meetings, further development and use of the Programme web site and web-based teaching. The most important strategy in this Programme was to facilitate for institutional cooperation and network building between partners in the SEE area. Origin application (05/420-3, 07.12.06) to MFA, for budget of activities for the secon year 2007, was NOK 4.830.000. The MFA reduced applied budget approximately by 18%. Funding of NOK 4.000.000 was granted by the MFA for this program?s second year 2007. See UD bevilgningsbrev, 05/00396-12, from 19. April 2007, Appendix 1, page 48-51. According to the UD bevilgningsbrev budget and activities for the secon year 2007 wear redused, see NORAGRIC?s letter 05/420-3, 07.05.2007, e-mail 07.05.2007, page 45 and UD letter 05/00396-16, from 19 November 2007, page 46. See also e-mail Status report for UD Project nr. 2070061, 25.06.2007, page 47. The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), through Noragric, UMB?s Department for International Environment and Development Studies, has been responsible for the overall preparations, coordination and implementation of this programme. The programme?s Coordinator has also been part time active with scientific and education in several projects and activities. UMB/Noragric has been responsible for accounting and reporting for the programme. Programme activities include: ? Programme budgets for each projects and activities have been prepared. ? There have been preparations of agreements (54 agreements) between SEE/WB partners and Norwegian partners for the implementation of planned programme activities and transfer of funds for 2007. ? FINAL reports for the second year of the programme activities (2007) have been prepared ? for each of the 9 projects according to MFA?s template for project reporting.
Authors
Pavel Cudlín Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka Maria Rudawska Tine Grebenc Odair Alberton Tarja Lehto Mark R. Bakker Isabella Børja Bohdan Konôpka Tomasz Leski Hojka Kraigher Thomas W. KuyperAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Pavel Cudlin Barbara Kielisziewska - Rokicka Maria Rudawska Tine Grebenc O Alberton Tarja Lehto Mark R. Bakker Isabella Børja Bohdan Konôpka T Leski Hojka Kraigher Thomas W. KuyperAbstract
Human-induced and natural stress factors can affect fine roots and ectomycorrhizas. Therefore they have potential utility as indicators of environmental change. We evaluated, through meta-analysis, the magnitude of the effects of acidic deposition, nitrogen deposition, increased ozone levels, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, and drought on fine roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) characteristics. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was an unsuitable parameter for environmental change, but fine root length and biomass could be useful. Acidic deposition had a significantly negative impact on fine roots, root length being more sensitive than root biomass. There were no significant effects of nitrogen deposition or elevated tropospheric ozone on the quantitative root parameters. Elevated CO2 had a significant positive effect. Drought had a significantly negative effect on fine root biomass. The negative effect of acidic deposition and the positive effect of elevated CO2 increased over time, indicating that effects were persistent contrary the other factors. The meta-analysis also showed that experimental conditions, including both laboratory and field experiments, were a major source of variation. In addition to quantitative changes, environmental changes affect the species composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community.
Authors
Arild Sletten Trond RafossAbstract
This report assesses the plant health risk for the bacterial plant disease fire blight for the Pest Risk Assessment area of Norway. In addition to providing an updated pest categorisation for fire blight in relation to Norway, the report provide new results on fruit tree blossom infection risk based on examination of historical climate and phenology data. The report conclude that if E. amylovora is introduced into the main fruit growing districts of Norway, it is expected that the damage and losses to commercial fruit production and nurseries will be minor, under the current phytosanitary regime in Norway. Relaxation of the regulations in force for fighting fire blight in Norway will increase the expected damage and losses to commercial fruit production and nurseries to a moderate level.
Authors
Katrin Knoth George Scholer Yves DudalAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The Norwegian Monitoring Programme for Forest Damage (OPS) has since its start registered damage to selected trees. The aim of the registrations has been to explain variations in crown density and crown colour. In answer to international requests, the Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute has prepared a short guide to the determination of the most common forms of damage found in Norwegian forests...
Abstract
In the context of an ongoing project on REMote sensing of FORest health (REM-FOR), we analyze airborne high-resolution hyperspectral images of a pine-dominated region in southeast Norway heavily attacked by the Pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, leading to severe defoliation. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is used as a proxy of the crown density, and comparing LAI maps from before and after the attack lead to indicators for damage extent. We discuss the application of the Forest Reflectance Model (FRT) of Kuusk and Nilson, which was designed for the application to (managed) Northern European Forests, to model the spectral response from the canopy. It is based on conventional forest inventory data, species-dependent parametrized crown shapes, canopy LAI, needle clumping index, and needle optical properties. Here, however, we run the model in an inverse mode, by iteratively minimizing the discrepancy between measured and simulated reflectances, and predicting the LAI, keeping known parameters of the model fixed. The LAI values are then compared to those obtained with either ground-based Licor LAI2000 measurements, or with airborne laser-scanning. Some preliminary results of this modelling concept for the case study are discussed.
Authors
Michelle de Chantal Kjersti Holt Hanssen Aksel Granhus Urban Bergsten Mikaell Ottosson-Löfvenius Harald GripAbstract
We studied first winter frost-heaving damage to one-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings planted in gaps made by group fellings (large circular gaps, ca. 500 m(2)) and single-tree selection cuttings (small irregularly shaped gaps, ca. 175 m 2), as well as in uncut forest. One-month-old seedlings were planted on manually exposed LF, Ae, and B horizons that emulated various intensities and depths of scarification. The three experimental sites were located in multistoried Pinus sylvestris L. or P. abies forests on sandy loam or silt loam in southeastern Norway. Altogether, 5% of seedlings sustained frost heaving damage on the LF horizon, compared with 20% on the Ae horizon and 45% on the B horizon. On average, 31% of the seedlings in large gaps incurred frost-heaving damage compared with 20% in small gaps and 19% in uncut forest. Exposed roots and poorly anchored or uplifted seedlings were recurring classes of damage, especially on the B horizon and in large gaps. The above- versus below-ground biomass ratio of seedlings was higher on the B than on the Ae horizon in uncut forest and large gaps, inferring broken roots. Therefore, to reduce the risk of frost-heaving damage, shallow soil preparation and smaller gap sizes should be used.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Tore SkrøppaAbstract
No abstract has been registered