Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
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Authors
Jørgen Eilenberg Stephanie Saussure Ibtissem Ben Fekih Annette Bruun Jensen Ingeborg KlingenAbstract
Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana are widespread and important specialist fungal pathogens of aphids in cereals (Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi). The two aphid species share these pathogens and we compare factors influencing susceptibility and resistance. Among factors that may influence susceptibility and resistance are aphid behavior, conspecific versus heterospecific host, aphid morph, life cycle, and presence of protective endosymbionts. It seems that the conspecific host is more susceptible (less resistant) than the heterospecific host, and alates are more susceptible than apterae. We conceptualize the findings in a diagram showing possible transmission in field situations and we pinpoint where there are knowledge gaps.
Authors
Günter Blöschl Marc F.P. Bierkens Antonio Chambel Christophe Cudennec Georgia Destouni Aldo Fiori James W. Kirchner Jeffrey J. McDonnell Hubert H.G. Savenije Murugesu Sivapalan Christine Stumpp Elena Toth Elena Volpi Gemma Carr Claire Lupton Josè Salinas Borbála Széles Alberto Viglione Hafzullah Aksoy Scott T. Allen Anam Amin Vazken Andréassian Berit Arheimer Santosh Aryal Victor Baker Earl Bardsley Marlies H. Barendrecht Alena Bartosova Okke Batelaan Wouter R. Berghuijs Keith Beven Theresa Blume Thom Bogaard Pablo de Amorim Borges Michael E. Böttcher Gilles Boulet Korbinian Breinl Mitja Brilly Luca Brocca Wouter Buytaert Attilio Castellarin Andrea Castelletti Xiaohong Chen Yangbo Chen Yuanfang Chen Peter Chifflard Annette Dathe Holger Lange Jacob Sebastian Haugaard Mernild Thomas Skaugen Ingelin SteinslandAbstract
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Authors
Hege Divon Lise Bøe Martha Tveit Sonja KlemsdalAbstract
Fusarium langsethiae is one of the common Fusarium species infecting small grain cereals in the Nordic region and the UK. It is usually described as a weak pathogen, and with a strong preference for oats, although no studies have yet addressed the explanations for this at the microscopic level. Using microscope techniques we have studied the early steps of colonization of oat and wheat grain by F. langsethiae particularly addressing the role of pollen in the infection process and the fungal ability to penetrate plant cell wall. The aim was to better understand its non-aggressive colonization picture and why oat is preferred over wheat as a host. Spray inoculated oat and wheat plants were scored for fungal progression at 3, 6, 10 and 14 days post inoculation (dpi) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fungal hyphae entered the grain at the apex, or along the sides in the overlapping zone between palea wings and lemma, then spread basipetally and laterally, with a clear directional growth towards the caryopsis. Hyphal growth was clearly aided by the presence of pollen. On oat proliferating hyphae developed a variety of penetration structures on all internal surfaces. F. langsethiae infection on wheat progressed along the same routes, however slower and overall with less hyphal mass. Interestingly, hyphae closely associated to the wheat caryopsis seemed to undergo degradation, and profuse conidiation was observed at 14 dpi. Explanations for the differences in F. langsethiae colonization of oat versus wheat are suggested in light of the results.
Abstract
The belowground environment is heterogeneous and complex at fine spatial scales. Physical structures, biotic components and abiotic conditions create a patchwork mosaic of potential niches for microbes. Questions remain about mechanisms and patterns of community assembly belowground, including: Do fungal and bacterial communities assemble differently? How do microbes reach the roots of host plants? Within a 4 m2 plot in alpine vegetation, high throughput sequencing of the 16S (bacteria) and ITS1 (fungal) ribosomal RNA genes was used to characterise microbial community composition in roots and adjacent soil of a viviparous host plant (Bistorta vivipara). At fine spatial scales, beta-diversity patterns in belowground bacterial and fungal communities were consistent, although compositional change was greater in bacteria than fungi. Spatial structure and distance-decay relationships were also similar for bacteria and fungi, with significant spatial structure detected at <50 cm among root- but not soil-associated microbes. Recruitment of root microbes from the soil community appeared limited at this sampling and sequencing depth. Possible explanations for this include recruitment from low-abundance populations of soil microbes, active recruitment from neighbouring plants and/or vertical transmission of symbionts to new clones, suggesting varied methods of microbial community assembly for viviparous plants. Our results suggest that even at relatively small spatial scales, deterministic processes play a significant role in belowground microbial community structure and assembly.
Authors
Mariosimone Zoccali Daniele Giuffrida Fabio Salafia Carmen Socaciu Kari Skjånes Paola Dugo Luigi MondelloAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Priyanka Trivedi Katja Karppinen Linards Klavins Jorens Kviesis Petri Sundqvist Nga Nguyen Esa Heinonen Maris Klavins Laura Jaakola Juha Väänänen Janne Remes Hely HäggmanAbstract
Accepted manuscript version, licensed <a href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/> CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. </a>