Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2020
Authors
L. Willocquet W.R. Meza B. Dumont B. Klocke T. Feike K.C. Kersebaum P. Meriggi V. Rossi Andrea Ficke A. Djurle S. SavaryAbstract
Wheat disease management in Europe is mainly based on the use of fungicides and the cultivation of resistant cultivars. Improving disease management implies the formal comparison of disease management methods in terms of both crop health and yield levels (attainable yield, actual yield), thus enabling an assessment of yield losses and yield gains. Such an assessment is not available for wheat in Europe. The objective of the analysis reported here is to provide an overview of wheat health and yield performance in field experiments in Europe. Data from field experiments in six European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, and Sweden) conducted between 2013 and 2017 were analysed to that aim. Relationships between multiple disease levels, yield, level of cultivar resistance, level of fungicide protection, and weather patterns were assessed. The analyses included 73 field experiments, corresponding to a total of 447 [fungicide protection level x cultivar] combinations. Analyses across the six countries led to ranking the importance of foliar wheat diseases as follows, in decreasing order: leaf blotch (septoria tritici blotch, septoria nodorum blotch, and tan spot), leaf rust, yellow rust, and powdery mildew. Fusarium head blight was observed in France and Italy, and stem rust was sporadically observed in Italy. Disease patterns, crop inputs (fertiliser, fungicides), and yields widely varied within and across countries. Disease levels were affected by the level of fungicide use, by cultivar resistance, as well as by weather patterns. While this analysis enables a better documentation of the status of wheat health in Europe, it also highlights the critical need for policies in Europe enabling a more judicious use of pesticides. First, common standards for field experiments are needed (experimental designs and protocols; disease assessment procedures and scales; references, including reference-susceptible cultivars); second, assessments in farmers’ fields – and not in research stations – are necessary; and third, there is a need to use available process-based crop models to estimate attainable yields, and so, yield losses.
Abstract
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Authors
Fredrik Ronquist Mattias Forshage Sibylle Häggqvist Dave Karlsson Rasmus Hovmöller Johannes Bergsten Kevin Holston Tom Britton Johan Abenius Bengt Andersson Peter Neerup Buhl Carl-Cedric Coulianos Arne Fjellberg Carl-Axel Gertsson Sven Hellqvist Mathias Jaschhof Jostein Kjærandsen Seraina Klopfstein Sverre Kobro Andrew Liston Rudolf Meier Marc Pollet Matthias Riedel Jindřich Roháček Meike M. Schuppenhauer Julia Stigenberg Ingemar Struwe Andreas Taeger Sven-Olof Ulefors Oleksandr Varga Phil Withers Ulf GärdenforsAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Sebastian EiterAbstract
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Abstract
Identification of stocktype attributes that speed up field establishment has potential to reduce rotation time of Christmas tree productions. Such morphological and physiological attributes can be targeted in the nursery production. This study tested the effects of container type and nursery seedling density on stocktype attributes at planting and the effects of these on field performance over two years in Abies lasiocarpa and A. nordmanniana Christmas tree stock. Nursery conditions had a considerable impact on seedling attributes at planting. Although sets of these correlated stocktype attributes contributed to forecast field performance, the predictive power was low. No simple relationships were found between plant biomass, stem diameter or height at planting and biomass at final harvest in either of the two species under the range of stocktype variation and field conditions tested. Contrary, stem diameter and stem height at planting explained some of the responses in stem diameter and height after two years in the field. Thus, any target seedling approach would have to be based on a combined set of stocktype attributes exploring more productive stocktypes. The differences observed between stocktypes were largely due to size differences and ontogenetic drift, and stocktypes converged towards a similar field phenotype over time.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Sille Rebane Kalev Jõgiste Andres Kiviste John A. Stanturf Ahto Kangur Marek MetslaidAbstract
Growth of CO2 concentration level has strong interactions with forests. Forests are able to sequester carbon (C) through photosynthesis and can help to mitigate the effects of climate warming, as well as to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Drought and other extreme weather conditions play a key role in ecosystem functioning and the C-cycle. The eddy covariance (EC) method can be used to better understand forest ecosystems CO2 exchange by directly measuring net carbon and water fluxes. In our study, EC results for measurement of fluxes between the atmosphere and forest canopy are reported for the study period from May to August 2018 in Järvselja, Estonia. Stand-replacing disturbance (clear-cutting) took place in April 2013. The young forest stand is dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula spp.). Findings so far include (1) a C-budget for the study period that showed a slight C-sink status; (2) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was −0.0084 µmol m−2 s−1 indicating C-uptake during the measurement period; (3) in May, June, July and August, NEE was −0.027, −0.015, 0.001 and 0.006 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively; (4) NEE fluxes are lower in drought conditions and are affected by temperature that averaged 15 °C.
Editors
Camilla BaumannAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Controlled crosses were made on clones in a seed orchard and the pollination bags were kept on the branches until the cones were harvested. Cones after open pollination were collected at the same time. Seedlings from the controlled pollinations, from open pollination of the same maternal parent and from commercial provenances were grown in growth chambers and terminal bud set was recorded after short day treatments. The seedlings from the seeds of cones that were kept in the pollination bags had a significantly later bud set then expected based on comparisons with their half-sibs from open pollination. The difference corresponds to a decrease in altitude of 100 m at provenance level. It can be caused by epigenetic effects due to temperature differences inside and outside the bags during seed maturation.