Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Abstract
The notion of the Anthropocene does not fit well into the frame of scientific disciplines. The proposed onset of a new geological epoch has become closely linked with human history and with notions such as purposeful human actions. Purposefulness, however, is also subject to interpretation in the humanities and does not fit into analytical methods in Earth sciences. Scholars have taken up this challenge and engage with Earth scientists in public discourse on the Anthropocene. Due to the lack of a common frame of reference, discussions suffer from incompatible abstractions, notions, methods and results. Here, we propose an abstract model-framework facilitating communication between Earth scientists and scholars. In Earth sciences, models are often employed to provide a representation of an independent reality which imposes limits to growth. In the humanities, self-reference and reflexivity of modernity at all scales including the globe becomes a key issue. In the former view models can be decomposed and locally tested, in the latter models and concepts involving human action need to be considered in all their contextual and semantic relations. Typically, such concepts, for example in anthropology, do not come in a mathematical language. Nevertheless, we suggest that a common reference can be sought in an abstract model language, rather than in realistic models. Category theory and formal notions developed in computer science may provide such an abstract framework to accommodate the apparently incompatible views of models and concepts, which are considered as successful by their respective home disciplines. Diverse models such as examples from game theory (economics), from dynamic system theory (Earth science) and from a classification of ethnocosmologies (anthropology) can be formulated as different instances within a joint and abstract framework. Such a framework allows to investigate implications of the Anthropocene for logical similarities with past environmental events by seeking historical analogies (for example with the great oxygenation event) or formulating consistency requirements for the future (for example by defining sustainability). The prize for the common basis is a strict ‘epistemic hygiene’, avoiding most ontological assumptions and criticisms which often appear as dear to Earth scientists and scholars, but which may prevent a more fruitful exchange on an urgent interdisciplinary topic
Abstract
The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure is aimed at quantifying and understanding the greenhouse gas balance of Europe and neighboring regions. ICOS-Norway brings together the leading Norwegian institutes for greenhouse gas observations in the three Earth system domains atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems, providing world-leading competence, which is integrated into one jointly funded and operated infrastructure. This provides Norway with a state-of-the-art research infrastructure embedded in European and global efforts. Even though each Earth system domain was part of dedicated research infrastructures prior to the establishment of ICOS-Norway, the greenhouse gas community in Norway was divided and there was minimal collaboration across the Earth system domains. The overall goal of ICOS-Norway is to provide accurate and accessible data on, as well as integrated assessments of, the Norwegian carbon balance at regional scale, across the land, ocean, and atmosphere. ICOS-Norway has thus led to an increased impact of environmental observing systems in Norway and surrounding seas, easily seen through the number of publications and new proposals generated as collaborative efforts. This poster presents the ICOS-Norway infrastructure, including plans for expansion and long-term funding.
Abstract
The measurement network Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is dedicated to the quantification of fluxes of CO2, H2O, N2O and CH4 at the boundary between vegetation surfaces and the lower atmosphere. The implementation of observations sites follows strict protocols and a challenging labelling process to ensure standardized intercomparable observations. We report on our experiences in attempting to establish the only Norwegian ICOS Ecosystem site thus far, NO-Hur, located in an old-growth spruce forest at Hurdal in Southeast Norway. NOHur is planned as a class 2 site, with the option to an upgrade to class 1 later. The instrumentation and sensors needed, the requirements for spatial homogeneity and a detailed analysis of a digital terrain model are presented. The current status of the tower construction, the preliminary measurements obtained with the existing ICOScertified equipment at a test site, and the plans for integrating the measurements operationally into the network are shown
Abstract
The measurement network Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is dedicated to the quantification of fluxes of CO2, H2O, N2O and CH4 at the boundary between vegetation surfaces and the lower atmosphere. The implementation of observations sites follows strict protocols and a challenging labelling process to ensure standardized intercomparable observations. We report on our experiences in attempting to establish the only Norwegian ICOS Ecosystem site thus far, NO-Hur, located in an old-growth spruce forest at Hurdal in Southeast Norway. NOHur is planned as a class 2 site, with the option to an upgrade to class 1 later. The instrumentation and sensors needed, the requirements for spatial homogeneity and a detailed analysis of a digital terrain model are presented. The current status of the tower construction, the preliminary measurements obtained with the existing ICOScertified equipment at a test site, and the plans for integrating the measurements operationally into the network are shown
Authors
Mark R. Bakker Ivano Brunner Francis Ashwood Brynhildur Bjarnadottir Tom Bolger Isabella Børja Monique Carnol Pavel Cudlin Lise Dalsgaard Amandine Erktan Douglas Godbold Hojka Kraigher Ina C. Meier Luis Merino-Martín Jurga Motiejunaite Tanja Mrak Edda S. Oddsdóttir Ivika Ostonen Taina L. Pennanen Ülle Püttsepp Laura M. Suz Elena I. Vanguelova Lars Vesterdal Nadejda A. SoudzilovskaiaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Kamal Atmeh Anne Loison Nicolas Morellet A. J. Mark Hewison P. Marchand Mathieu Garel Erling Johan Solberg Morten Heim Bernt-Erik Sæther Ivar Herfindal Atle Mysterud Erling Meisingset Martin-Hugues St-Laurent Guillaume PéronAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
A complete diallel cross was made among nine Betula pendula trees growing in a natural population and a trial was planted on agricultural soil at one site. This exceptional trial has provided estimates of genetic parameters that can only be estimated in complete diallels. Traits measured were height and diameter during a period of 37 years, and assessments were made of bud burst, leaf abscission and rust infection at the early ages. All traits showed genetic variation and the variance components of general combining ability (GCA) effects were dominating, with heritability estimates of 0.16 and 0.23 for height and diameter at age six years. The best-growing families could be identified at that age. At age 37 years, when the trial had been thinned twice, the offspring from the highest and lowest ranked parent for growth contributed with 19% and 6% of the total volume of the stand, respectively. The GCA effects were also highly significant for the assessment traits, but with an interaction with year for bud burst. High values of estimates of genetic correlations proved that bud burst, leaf abscission and rust infection are interrelated, and also to some extent with growth traits. Families with an early bud burst were tallest, were less affected by the rust fungus and kept their leaves later in the autumn.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Dilli Prasad Rijal Kelsey Lorberau Jutta Kapfer Leif-Einar Støvern Inger Greve Alsos Kari Anne BråthenAbstract
No abstract has been registered