Irena Fundova
Forsker
Sammendrag
Abstract Incidence of the spruce gall adelgid ( Adelges abietis ; “spruce gall aphid” sensu common usage) was assessed as presence/absence in Norway spruce trials in Norway. The trial series comprised a long-term provenance test, a short-term provenance test (36 provenances), three diallel populations (10×10, 10×10, 9×9), a 10×10 factorial cross (100 families), and a clonal test (40 clones). Substantial genetic variation in gall incidence was observed among provenances, among families, and among clones within families. Provenances transferred from low- to mid-elevation Central Europe exhibited higher gall incidence than Nordic and Baltic origins, whereas high-elevation Central European material showed lower incidence. Family-level variation was detected in both natural-population diallels and breeding-population factorial material; a strong agreement was observed between family and derived clone performance (family–clone r ≈ 0.91). Variance-component analyses indicated predominantly additive genetic control, with additional non-additive effects in some crosses. Corresponding narrow-sense heritability estimates were low to moderate (≈ 0.06–0.22). Site effects were evident, with higher expression associated with greater vigor on fertile soils in some trials. Overall, the results indicate that selection for reduced galling is feasible and that provenance choice and site fertility should be considered in deployment and climate-adaptation strategies.
Sammendrag
This study presents information about the variability between and within populations of Norway spruce in lammas shoot formation. Assessments of lammas shoots were conducted in two short-term trials involving full sib families of Norway spruce from two complete diallel crosses, each originating from a natural population. These assessments were made over two growing seasons when the trees were six and seven years from seed, during which early summer temperatures varied significantly. The trees were grown on former agricultural land with large variation in soil fertility across the field. The proportion of trees with lammas shoots varied among blocks, ranging from 1 to 14 %, with the highest values in the blocks with the most fertile soil conditions. A substantial variation was also found among families from each population regarding the percentage of trees with lammas shoots, varying among half-sib families from 2 to 20 % and 1 to 19 % in the two populations, respectively. The largest part of this genetic variation was additive, with high values for the general combining ability (GCA) variance components and low values of the specific combining ability (SCA), maternal and reciprocal components. Estimates of narrow sense heritability were 0.40 for transformed lammas shoot scores in both diallels. Generally, families with an early start and early cessation of shoot elongation had the highest frequency of lammas shoots. In one of the diallels, families with a high lammas shoot percentage also had the highest number of ramicorn branches in a field trial at age 12 and 26 years from seed
Sammendrag
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a commercially important forest tree species in many Eurasian countries. Its wood has been commonly utilized for production of construction timber. In Sweden, a breeding program was launched in 1950s to improve Scots pine trees to better suit industrial requirements. The emphasis was mainly put on improving stem volume, vitality, stem straightness and branching characteristics whilst wood quality was neglected. However, since some of the important wood quality traits are negatively correlated with the prioritized volume production, the continuation of such an approach could in a long run lead to irreversible deterioration of wood quality. In our study, we focused on wood quality traits that are relevant for construction timber – wood density, stiffness, strength, grain angle and sawn-board shape stability (crook, bow and twist). We linked wood quality traits nondestructively assessed on standing trees with those measured on sawn boards. We estimated narrow-sense heritabilities, genetic correlations and correlated responses to selection with the aim of identifying reliable techniques for wood quality assessment on standing trees and proposing suitable strategies for incorporating wood quality traits into the breeding program. We have concluded that standing-tree drilling resistance, acoustic velocity and grain angle are good predictors of wood density, wood stiffness & strength, and sawn-board twisting, respectively. Taking into account the long-term development on wood market, we are proposing an inclusion of wood density in the breeding program, in the way that it will be retained at the current levels rather than increased, which would also positively affect wood stiffness and strength. Furthermore, we are suggesting to consider grain angle as a breeding trait although more research is needed to unravel its underlying biological mechanism.
Divisjon for skog og utmark
OakBreed: Motorveien til genetisk forbedret eikefrø
OakBreed-prosjektet har som mål å etablere langsiktig foredling av eik i Norge. Fokus er på to hjemmehørende arter: sommereik (
Divisjon for skog og utmark
OptFORESTS - Harnessing forest genetic diversity for increasing options in the face of environmental and societal challenges
OptFORESTS har som overordnet mål å bidra til bevaring og bruk av skogtregenetiske ressurser i Europa og er en oppfølging av ambisjonen i EUs grønne giv (Green Deal) om å plante 3 milliarder trær i EU innen 2030. Skogplantingen vil øke karbonbindingen og tilføre samfunnet mer trevirke som en sentral del av grønn omstilling. OptFORESTS rolle er å utvikle både skogfaglig og sosiokulturell kunnskap for å kunne ta flere treslag i bruk i skogbruket, bidra til restaurering av skog og øke produksjonskapasiteten i skogplanteskolene i Europa. NIBIO er sammen med 18 andre institusjoner fra 15 land partner i dette prosjektet som går helt til 2027.