Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2018
Authors
Shabnam Taheri S. James V. Roy T Decaens B Williams F Anderson Rodolphe Rougerie Chih Han Chang George G. Brown Luis Cunha David WG Stanton Elodie De Jesus Da Silva Jiun-Hong Chen AR Lemmon Emily Moriarty Lemmon Marie Luise Carolina Bartz Dilmar Baretta Isabelle Barois Emmanuel Lapied Mathieu Coulis Lise DupontAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Raghuram Badmi Torstein Tengs May Bente Brurberg Carl Gunnar Fossdal Paal Krokene Tage ThorstensenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Plants are exposed to various pathogens in their environment and have developed immune systems with multiple layers of defence to fight-back. However, often pathogens overcome the resistance barriers, infect the plants to cause the disease. Pathogens that cause diseases on economically important crop plants like strawberry incur huge losses to the agriculture industry. For example, The 2016 outbreak of strawberry grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in Norway caused up to 95% crop losses. Outbreaks like this underline the importance of developing novel and sustainable tools to combat plant diseases, for example by increasing the plants’ natural disease resistance. Priming plant defences using chemical elicitors may be effective in providing the enhanced resistance against multiple pathogens. We have used β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) as a chemical priming agent to induce resistance in Fragaria vesca against Botrytis cinerea. Effects of BABA on disease progression and defence responses of Fragaria are being characterized using molecular tools like RNAseq, RT-PCR and ChIP. As priming chemicals may induce an epigenetic memory in treated plants, we also plan to study the histone methylation patterns in primed plants and the genes that are regulated. Our long-term aim is to understand the duration of the epigenetic memory and its cross-generational transmission to the progeny in Fragaria. Our results will help guide various crop protection strategies in addition to providing new insights to develop novel tools for plant disease management.
Authors
Jiska Joanneke van Dijk Graciela Rusch Hilde Karine Wam Paul Eric Aspholm Even Bergseng Vegard GundersenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ingunn M. VågenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Trond Løvdal Ingunn M. Vågen Giovanni Agati Lorenza Tuccio Stanislaw Kaniszewski Maria Gregorowska Ryszard Kosson Agnieszka Bartoszek Ferruh Erdogdu Mustafa Tutar Bart van Droogenbroeck Christine Vos Inge Hanssen Romain Larbat Christophe Robin Michel Verheul Randi Seljåsen Dagbjørn SkipnesAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Greeley Beck Emil Engelund Thybring Lisbeth Garbrecht ThygesenAbstract
Earlywood samples of unmodified and acetylated radiata pine were exposed to the brown-rot fungus Rhodonia placenta for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks for unmodified samples and 10, 16, 24 and 28 weeks for acetylated samples. Longer incubation periods were used for acetylated samples based on the hypothesis that given enough time under favourable conditions the fungus would eventually degrade the wood. After exposure, samples were weighed and chemically characterized by ATR-FTIR analysis, acetyl content by saponification, and hydroxyl (OH) accessibility by deuterium exchange. Longer incubation times for acetylated samples led to comparable levels of mass loss between unmodified and acetylated wood. Initial brown-rot decay in acetylated wood exhibited a different trend compared to unmodified wood, with an increased OH accessibility and a significant reduction in acetyl content. This was followed by a stable, low OH accessibility and plateau in acetyl content above 10% mass loss in acetylated wood. In unmodified wood, the OH accessibility was nearly constant throughout decay, while the initially low acetyl content decreased linearly with mass loss. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the differences in acetyl removal between unmodified and acetylated wood. Wood-water relations before and after brown-rot decay were determined with low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) relaxometry on water saturated samples. For the decayed acetylated wood, the behaviour of the water corresponded well with de-acetylation observed by chemical characterization. The results show that after removal of acetyl groups, degradation of acetylated wood by R. placenta occurred at a similar rate to that of unmodified wood.
Authors
Carrie Joy Andrew Rune Halvorsen Einar Heegaard Thomas W. Kuyper Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber Claus Bässler Simon Egli Alan C. Gange Klaus Høiland Paul M. Kirk Beatrice Senn-Irlet Lynne Boddy Ulf Büntgen Håvard KauserudAbstract
Aim:Macroecological scales of species compositional trends are well documentedfor a variety of plant and animal groups, but remain sparse for fungi, despite theirecological importance in carbon and nutrient cycling. It is, thus, essential to under-stand the composition of fungal assemblages across broad geographical scales andthe underlying drivers. Our overall aim was to describe these patterns for fungiacross two nutritional modes (saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal). Furthermore, weaimed to elucidate the temporal component of fruiting patterns and to relate theseto soil carbon and nitrogen deposition. Location:Central and Northern Europe.Methods:A total of 4.9 million fungal fruit body observations throughout Europe,collected between 1970 and 2010, were analysed to determine the two main envi-ronmental and geographical gradients structuring fungal assemblages for two mainnutritional modes, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Results:Two main gradients explaining the geography of compositional patternswere identified, for each nutritional mode. Mean annual temperature (and relatedcollinear, seasonal measures) correlated most strongly with the first gradient forboth nutritional modes. Soil organic carbon was the highest correlate of the second compositional gradient for ectomycorrhizal fungi, suspected as an indicator of vege-tation- and pH-related covariates. In contrast, nitrogen deposition constituted asecond gradient for saprotrophic fungi, likely a proxy for anthropogenic pollution.Compositional gradients and environmental conditions correlated similarly whenthe data were divided into two time intervals of 1970–1990 and 1991–2010.Evidence of compositional temporal change was highest with increasing elevationand latitude. Main conclusions:Fungal assemblage patterns demonstrate clear biogeographicalpatterns that relate the nutritional modes to their main environmental correlates oftemperature, soil organic carbon and nitrogen deposition. With respect to globalchange impacts, the highest rates of compositional change by time suggest targetinghigher latitudes and elevations for a better understanding of fungal dynamics. We,finally, suggest further examination of the ranges and dispersal abilities of fungi tobetter assess responses to global change.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered