Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2018
Authors
Misganu Debella-Gilo Svein Olav Krøgli Vibeke Stærkebye Nørstebø Wenche Dramstad Gerardo Alfredo Perez ValdesAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Emily Hill Sveinn Are Hanssen Bjørn Munro Jenssen Anette Fenstad Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski Syverin Lierhagen Jón Einar Jónsson Thordur Ôrn Kristjansson Thomas Holm Carlsen Geir W. Gabrielsen Børge MoeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Daniel Mitchell Clare Heaviside Nathalie Schaller Myles Allen Kristie L. Ebi Erich M. Fischer Antonio Gasparrini Luke Harrington Viatcheslav Kharin Hideo Shiogama Jana Sillmann Sebastian Sippel Sotiris VardoulakisAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Anestis Karkanis Georgia Ntatsi Liga Lepse Juan A. Fernández Ingunn M. Vågen Boris Rewald Ina Alsina Arta Kronberga Astrit Balliu Margit Olle Gernot Bodner Laila Dubova Eduardo Rosa Dimitrios SavvasAbstract
Faba beans are highly nutritious because of their high protein content: they are a good source of mineral nutrients, vitamins, and numerous bioactive compounds. Equally important is the contribution of faba bean in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it is highly efficient in the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This article provides an overview of factors influencing faba bean yield and quality, and addresses the main biotic and abiotic constraints. It also reviews the factors relating to the availability of genetic material and the agronomic features of faba bean production that contribute to high yield and the improvement of European cropping systems. Emphasis is to the importance of using new high-yielding cultivars that are characterized by a high protein content, low antinutritional compound content, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. New cultivars should combine several of these characteristics if an increased and more stable production of faba bean in specific agroecological zones is to be achieved. Considering that climate change is also gradually affecting many European regions, it is imperative to breed elite cultivars that feature a higher abiotic–biotic stress resistance and nutritional value than currently used cultivars. Improved agronomical practices for faba bean crops, such as crop establishment and plant density, fertilization and irrigation regime, weed, pest and disease management, harvesting time, and harvesting practices are also addressed, since they play a crucial role in both the production and quality of faba bean.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Klaus Mittenzwei Hugo Storm Thomas HeckeleiAbstract
Seeking the answer to the question of how farmers allocate their limited labor resources has a long tradition in the agricultural economics literature (Schultz 1990, Benjamin 1992). The role of off-farm income to close the income gap between farm households and non-farm households has been emphasized by various scholars (e.g. Schmitt 1989, Gardner 1992, Mishra et al. 2002). Ahearn et al. (2006) focus on the role of government subsidies on the allocation decision. This chapter contributes to this literature. In particular, we investigate the relationship of farmers’ decisions to combine farm income with off-farm wage income and to what extent this affects their total household income. To this end, we combine taxpayer information and agricultural data at the farm household level to study labor decisions and the income of Norwegian farm households and compare with the income situation of all households. Using data of almost 40 000 farm households for the year 2009, we find that farm households obtain an income that is on average larger than that of all Norwegian households. However, there is a large variation. Descriptive statistical analysis looking at joint distributions of key structural variables, policy support and income at farm level provides unique information.
Authors
Ingeborg KlingenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Anastasia Georgantzopoulou Christian Vogelsang Claire Coutris Fabio Polesel Benedek Plosz Kuria Ndungu Patricia Almeida Carvalho Ailbhe MackenAbstract
The increase in production and use of Ag and TiO2 nanomaterials has led to their release in wastewater streams and subsequently in the environment. Nanoparticles (NPs) can undergo transformations in environmental media such as wastewaters leading to an alteration in behavior, bioavailability and toxicity that may differ from their pristine counterparts and make predictions challenging. In this context, the overall goal of the study was to elucidate (i) the behavior and transformation of Ag and TiO2 NPs in realistic matrices such as wastewater effluents and activated sludge and (ii) the subsequent effects of transformed particles in comparison to their pristine counterparts. In this study, a laboratory-scale wastewater treatment system was established and combined with a battery of ecotoxicological assays and characterization techniques. The system contained activated sludge and was operated as a pre-denitrification system fed with synthetic wastewater spiked daily with 10 µg Ag NPs/L (PVP coated, 25 nm, nanoComposix) and 100 µg TiO2 NPs/L (nominal primary size of 5 nm, NM-101, JRC) over a period of 5 weeks. During that period the effluents were collected weekly and the excess sludge was stored for the evaluation of terrestrial toxicity. Samples from all reactors and effluents were collected weekly and analyzed by sequential filtration and ICP-MS to determine the partitioning of NPs and their transformation products. Transmission electron microscopy and sp-ICP-MS were performed on selected samples. The effects of aged particles were assessed using a battery of bioassays including freshwater and marine algae (growth inhibition and reactive oxygen species -ROS- formation), crustaceans, as well as in vitro models of relevance for NP toxicity assessement (RTgill-W1 cell line, effects on metabolic activity, epithelial integrity, ROS formation, gene expression). The extent of the observed effects was dependent on the organism exposed, with bottom feeding organisms and algae being more sensitive, while the in vitro model was a good tool for environmental samples. Furthermore, the biosolids generated from the lab-scale continuous system were used in terrestrial microcosm experiments, giving insight into the fate and potential accumulation in a model terrestrial system. Experimental data generated from the continuous-flow operation of the activated sludge system and the targeted batch experiments will be used to model the fate and the removal of NPs.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered