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Publications

NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.

2022

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Abstract

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a commercially important wild berry species, which accumulates high amounts of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, in the skin and flesh. Whilst a number of studies have quantified these phytochemicals in intact ripe bilberry fruit, we extend the current knowledge by investigating the spatial distribution of anthocyanin-associated polyphenols in fruit tissue, and study their links with primary metabolism during ripening. To address this, we used LC-MS and mass spectrometry imaging to measure and map primary and secondary metabolites in fruit. Correlation analysis showed that five sugars displayed strong positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation, whereas all amino acids were negatively correlated. The accumulation patterns of polyphenols correlated in fruit skin and flesh, but altered with development. Finally, spatial segmentation analysis revealed that the chemical signatures of ripening first appear at defined regions under the skin and rapidly expand to encompass the entire fruit at the eating-ripe stage.