Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2007
Authors
Nicolette Fouche Jolanda Roux Halvor Solheim Ronald N. Heath Gilbert Kamgan Nkuekam P. Chimwamurumbe K.G. Pegg Michael J. WingfieldAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Peder GjerdrumAbstract
Moisture content in wood is a volatile feature, continuously changing under influence ofthe oscillating ambient climate. Unquestionably an essential quality trait for the timber,the MC and other drying quality aspects must be appropriate according to customerspecification at the time of delivery and final use.The objective of this presentation is to describe sorption relations in commercial timber boards for the period after kiln drying. Joint information from several semi-industrial experiments was used to establish MC prediction models for industrial applications. Kiln temperature was found to be of minor, however noticeable, significance to the equilibrium MC for timber dried in ordinary kilns operated below 100C.Spruce board samples of varying length from small, clear specimens up to commercial length boards were observed under varying climatic situations to analyse the nature of hysteresis. The hysteresis fades for smaller specimens and in dry settings. A differential (dynamic) model for MC sorption under steady-state climate at varying temperatures was estimated and analysed numerically.
Authors
Hans Haavardsholm Blom Elena A. Ignatova Olga M. AfoninaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Erik Dybing Hans Ragnard Gislerød Trond Hofsvang Leif Sundheim Anne Marte TronsmoAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Celine Rebours Åsbjørn KarlsenAbstract
Seaweeds are considered as important ecological actors in many aspects. Therefore, developing the research around seaweeds to use and expand this natural resource is crucial. The highly developed wild coastline of Norway is a natural laboratory for such studies, but also a logical choice for developing new industries. Using special environments, like the Barents Sea and its related potential sources of conflicts, as pilot case studies, may lead to new tools versus human pollution.
Abstract
Norwegian agriculture is totally dependent on a safe supply of seed of winter-hardy timothy varieties. The annual seed consumption varies depending on the extent of winter damages, particularly in northern Norway, and the average seed yield varies with weather and harvest conditions in the seed-producing districts in the southeastern and central part of the country. To buffer these variations, seed companies always keep stocks corresponding to 50-100 % of the average annual seed consumption. Such large stocks are risky to maintain as seed lots will loose germination over time. Our objective was to elucidate the effect of seed harvest time and seed storage location on the longevity of timothy seed. In 2003, timothy ‘Grindstad’ was combined directly on 2, 5 or 8 August corresponding to a seed moisture content (SMC) of 34, 27 and 20 %, respectively. After harvest the seed was dried to 10-11 % SMC. Germination analyses were accomplished 3, 15, 26 and 38 months after seed harvest; the three latter after splitting each seed lot into four sub-lots that were stored either in a conditioned seed store (4ºC, 30% RH), or in unconditioned warehouses at there climatically different locations. While seed harvest time had no effect on germination three months after harvest, differences became increasingly evident as time went by. After 38 months’ storage, seed stored in the conditioned store or in the warehouse at the continental location Tynset germinated, on average for harvest times, 15-16 units better than seed stored in the warehouse at the coastal location Vaksdal; and seed lots harvested at 20 % SMC germinated, on average for storage locations, 24 units better than seed harvested at 37 % SMC. While it has long been documented that direct combining at high SMC may damage seed germination, there has been less awareness that this damage may not manifest itself until after a certain storage period.
Authors
Lars T. HavstadAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The control of Alopecurus geniculatus, Poa annua and Poa trivialis using iodosulfuron (Hussar/Hussar OD) was investigated in field experiments in the seed harvest year in timothy (Phleum pratense), and in the sowing year and seed harvest year in smooth meadow-grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Iodosulfuron (10 g a.i. ha-1) usually had good effect on Poa trivialis and Alopecurus geniculatus. As for Poa annua the effect on seed contamination was better than on weed coverage in the field. Early application improved weed control in the seed harvest years, and iodosulfuron was shown to perform well at low temperatures. The herbicide often delayed timothy development, but caused seed yield reduction only in two out of eight experiments, both with moist soil at treatment. The visual damage increased with increasing rates and use of additives (alcoholetoxylate or rape oil). A questionnaire investigation among timothy growers in 2004 showed that farmers using Hussar had 43% lower contamination of P. trivialis in cleaned seed yield and 20% lower yield than the farmers not using Hussar. In some trials in timothy and smooth meadow-grass, the new formulation Hussar OD gave slightly more damage than the old formulation Hussar. While well-established timothy crops seem to tolerate some visual damage without seed yield reduction, the risk of yield reduction in first year crops can usually be avoided by splitting the application into 5 g a.i. ha-1 at 14 days intervals. In smooth meadow-grass and red fescue established without cover crop, repeated applications of 5 g a.i. ha-1 in the sowing year resulted in better control of P. annua and significant seed yield improvements compared to application only in the seed harvest year. Both Hussar and Hussar OD have off-label approvals for members of the Norwegian Seed Growers Association.