Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2006
Authors
Birger VenneslandAbstract
During the 1980s and the 1990s the tourism development in general increased rapidly. The term innovation has been used to describe this development. But how well can we adapt the traditional industrial understanding of innovation in the service sector? Especially it seems as we have to extend our understanding of innovation when comes to the development of nature based tourism. There is a need to discuss various definitions of innovation and look at a framework of understanding that distinguishes between various definitions of innovation in the service sector.
Authors
Per Otto Flæte Erlend Ystrøm Haartveit Kjell VadlaAbstract
Considerable areas in the northern parts of Norway are afforested with Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. (Norway spruce), Picea × lutzii Little (Lutz spruce), and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière (Sitka spruce). The species have different machining and wood properties but are similar in visual appearance. We evaluated whether near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical modelling could be used to identify wood from these three species. In all, 83 wood specimens were available for analyses, 36 of which were used as a test set for model validation. NIR spectra were obtained on the cross-sectional surfaces. An initial principal component analysis showed that little information from the first and second components could be used for discrimination, but in score-plots of the third and fourth components the samples from the tree species formed clusters. This showed that the NIR spectra did contain information relevant for tree species identification, and that only a small fraction of the total variance could be used for that purpose. For classification of the wood specimens, partial least squares discriminant analyses were applied. All 47 specimens in the training set were fitted into the correct group. The test set validated results showed that except for two wood specimens, all specimens were correctly classified. The two misclassified samples were Sitka spruce. This study showed that development of well-performing rediction models for differentiation of wood from Norway spruce, Lutz spruce, and Sitka spruce is possible.
Authors
Ann Norderhaug John Eilif Hermansen Lena Bergils Sirpa Kurppa Anna Thorhallsdottir Line RosefAbstract
The Nordic Joint Committee for Agricultural Research (NKJ) promotes and supports cooperation between the Nordic Research Councils. The main goal for NKJ is to support a sustainable agricultural development. In June 2005 NKJ therefore decided to establish a working-group to follow up the Aukureyri declaration. This declaration focuses on the future tasks for Nordic agriculture and on the cultural landscape as a resource especially with regard to rural development. The working-group has given an account of Nordic research regarding use of the cultural landscape as a resource for sustainable agricultural development. Based on this the working-group give attention to needs for research and give recommendations for future Nordic agricultural research. Furthermore the workinggroup has evaluated different kinds of research cooperation.
Authors
Tor J. JohansenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
This analysis is based on climatic data and increment cores from about 550 Forest officers from latitude 58-70N and longitude 6-18E. The strength of the data is the high number of plots scattering over most of the Norway spruce forest area in Norway. Tree ring-widths were transformed to ring indices to remove age disturbances and strengthen the climatic signal on the tree growth.We used regression analyses to examine the annually growth responses of these ring indices against 42 monthly climatic variables. The climatic variables we used were mean month temperature, precipitation and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) with a range from previous year July to current years August.The results showed some correlations of climate on growth, with the June weather as most important. The most important variable in the lowlands (altitude 500 m) of southeastern Norway was the June precipitation, and the June temperature in the rest of the country.
Abstract
This study is based on data from the Level I and from forest Officers plots. We combined three sets of data on growth, deposition and soil chemistry, totally 204 plots in south-eastern and mid-Norway. As response variable we used observed growth in % of estimated growth calculated from standard Norwegian growth models. In this way we filtered out the influence of site and stand properties as this were included in the model.The dependent deposition variable used was the N deposition from the national air and precipitation monitoring program. The dependent soil chemistry variables were N, C/N ratio, base saturation, pH, Al, and Ca/Al ratio. Soil chemistry variables should reflect the properties that most likely are influenced by S and N deposition, and that could influence the trees in the hypothesised ways.We used analyses of covariance as statistical method. Growth was positively correlated to nitrogen deposition and to soil nitrogen, and negatively correlated to the C/N ratio in the soil. Also, nitrogen deposition was positively correlated to soil nitrogen and negatively to soil C/N.It was concluded that N deposition probably has increased N availability and thereby growth in southernmost Norway with an order of magnitude around 25%. There were no relationships between growth and the soil acidification variables pH, base saturation, Al concentration or Ca/Al-ratio, and we concluded that no evidence for negative effects of soil acidification on forest growth was found.
Authors
Volkmar TimmermannAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and other gases were measured in the emissions from solid waste degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions during laboratory and field investigations. The emissions were measured as room temperature headspace gas concentrations in reactors of 1, 30, and 150 L, as well as sucked gas concentrations from windrow composting piles and a biocell, under field conditions. The aerobic composting laboratory experiments consisted of treatments with and without lime. The CO concentrations measured during anaerobic conditions varied from 0 to 3000 ppm, the average being 23 ppm, increasing to 133 ppm when methane (CH4) concentrations were low. The mean/maximum CO concentrations during the aerobic degradation in the 2-L reactor were 101/194 ppm without lime, 486/2022 ppm with lime, and 275/980 ppm in the 150-L reactors. The presence of CO during the aerobic composting followed a rapid decline in O2 concentrations Significantly higher CO concentrations were obtained when the aerobic degradation was amended with lime, probably because of a more extreme depletion of oxygen. The mean/maximum CO concentrations under field conditions during aerobic composting were 95/1000 ppm. The CO concentrations from the anaerobic biocell varied from 20 to 160 ppm. The hydrogen sulfide concentrations reached almost 1200 ppm during the anaerobic degradation and 67 ppm during the composting experiments. There is a positive correlation between the CO and hydrogen sulfide concentrations measured during the anaerobic degradation experiments.
Abstract
Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) is the type member of the genus Pomovirus. PMTV is one of the most damaging potato infecting viruses due to the symptoms induced in the tubers. The symptoms caused by PMTV can be similar to the ones induced by another potato infecting virus, Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). Both viruses are known to generate great economic losses in Norway. Since the beginning of 2005, NCRI has as one of its objectives to enhance research on PMTV and will subsequently initiate studies on TRV as well.
Authors
Aksel GranhusAbstract
No abstract has been registered