Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2010
Authors
Jens Rohloff Per Winge Jahn Davik May Bente Brurberg Keithanne Mockaitis Vladimir Shulaev Stephen K, Randall Atle M. Bones Muath AlsheikhAbstract
In order to support functional genomics research in octoploid (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) and diploid (F. vesca) strawberry, a customized Fragaria microarray chip was developed as a joint collaboration between Graminor Breeding Ltd. and NTNU. F. vesca cDNA sequences were provided by The Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University (an assembly of >3 million reads from GS-FLX Titanium - Roche/454 Life Sciences sequencing), and about 59,000 publicly available Fragaria EST sequences were uploaded from NCBI. In addition, ~190 Mb of preliminary draft genome sequences from F. vesca were provided by the Strawberry Genome Sequencing Consortium (courtesy to V. Shulaev). cDNAs used as templates for probe design were validated by BlastN against the F. vesca draft genome excluding cDNAs of microbial origin. Genes not represented in the cDNA collection were identified by screening F. vesca draft genome against protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Ricinus communis and Populus trichocarpa. Exon sequences from genes not found in the cDNAs were included. In total, 43723 unique 60-mer probes were designed and the Agilent eARRAY tool was used to produce a 4x44k format microarray chip. Fragaria chip applicability and feasibility for transcriptional profiling was investigated using either abiotic (low temperature) or biotic (pathogenic fungi) stress treatment. Microarray data will be subsequently integrated with other omics data to address gene-regulatory networks and biological functions. Cold acclimation experiments were focused on short- and long-term effects in meristematic tissue, and revealed the up-regulation of ~100 cold-responsive genes (transcription factors, dehydrins, enzymes), and transcripts involved in starch breakdown and raffinose biosynthesis. Beside central metabolism, secondary metabolism was also strongly modulated as seen by changes in the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. Time-course studies of transcriptional responses in F. vesca accessions showing contrasting resistance toward the pathogen Phytophthora cactorum are in progress, and will be presented in-depth.
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Authors
Ingunn ØvsthusAbstract
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Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important small fruit species, rich in antioxidants and other phytochemicals (Rao and Snyder, 2010). Most research in the area of screening the antioxidant activity in dietary plants have mainly been focused on variation among species and cultivars and effects of postharvest handling and storage (e.g. Kalt et al., 2002). Little is known about the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and light conditions. The use of plastic tunnels for out-of-season production of red raspberries has expanded production in Norway. This involves a change in climate environment which might influence the chemical composition of the fruits. Here we present the results of an investigation of temperature on fruit quality of red raspberry (Remberg et al., 2010).
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Docks are among the most important perennial weeds in grasslands throughout the world and the need for more effective control methods is especially crucial in organic forage production. To find more effective control methods, field trials over 2 years at 4 Norwegian locations, were carried out mainly as a full-factorial design, including factors expected to reduce docks significantly. (i) Date of grassland establishment: may be important for preventing/decreasing the flush of seedlings from seeds as well as shoots from root fragments.(ii) False seedbed preparation: to decrease soil seed bank. (iii) Use of nurse crop (cover crop) to increase competitiveness against Rumex seedlings. (iv) Cutting the taproot, using a rotary tiller before ploughing, or the "dock-plough" (a skimmer modified to cut roots in the entire furrow width at ca 7 cm depth): as new shoots mostly come from the neck and the upper 5 cm of the taproot. (v) Ploughing depth and skimming: to decrease shoots from root fragments. Weed development was assessed as the number of emerging Rumex seedlings and plants sprouting from root fragments. Results indicated that frequently more plants emerged from seeds than from root fragments. Neither renewing the grassland in summer, nor the use of the rotary tiller or the "dock plough" reduced the number of docks in the renewed grasslands. The use of the false seedbed and nurse crop, at some locations and years, reduced the number of docks in the renewed grasslands. Deep ploughing (24cm) reduced the number of Rumex plants from roots by 65% percent compared to shallow ploughing (16cm). Furthermore, the use of a skimmer reduced the number of docks sprouting from roots by 28%. Among the investigated factors, competitiveness, false seedbed and ploughing depth, as well as ploughing quality, seems to be the most promising factors for reducing the number of docks in renewed grassland.
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