Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2010
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Tor J. JohansenAbstract
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Peder GjerdrumAbstract
Building, maintaining and operating drying kilns is a heavy economic burden for most sawmills. As a consequence, drying capacity is often a bottleneck. Kilns are generally operated 24 h a day, 7 days a week, so there is no spare time to increase the production. Good planning routines are a prerequisite for short as well as long term operational planning. Most established sawmills have a mixture of batch and progressive kilns, some older, possibly upgraded, others more modern. This offers some flexibility in choosing the right kiln for drying a timber lot of defined quality, but also represents operational challenges. Through the years working in and for the sawmill industry, a spreadsheet model tool was made for analysing kiln capacity. The model is put together to examine the available-to-needed capacity balance in each of thirteen four-week periods of a year. Input values are information about the drying kilns and their operations, the sawmill production plans and the requested drying quality. Capacity is given in volume-hours (calculated in the same way as man-hours). The operational plans, i.e. the input values, can and should be adjusted until a reasonable balance for all periods, summed up in a graph, is achieved. A description of the model with a specified sawmill example will be given, illustrating the process from the initial stage to the final plans.
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Authors
Adam ParuchAbstract
This work discusses the potential routes of transport, possible occurrence and predicted fate of parasite eggs corresponding to human pathogens in on-site wastewater treatment systems with Light Weight Aggregates (LWA) media. The discussion is mainly based on scientific evidences supported by practical outcomes derived from a survey of helminth eggs in the specific LWA materials-typical filter media of constructed wetlands (CWs) treating domestic wastewater in Norway. The scientific evidences showed that the greatest reduction in the egg concentrations occurs in septic tanks. The eggs that could pass through the tank trap can be accumulated and effectively eliminated in the filter media of CWs. The practical outcomes did not show any accumulation and the consequent contamination of the LWA media with helminth eggs. Because the outcomes characterised a survey that was carried out for the first time ever on the above-specified filter media and was not replicated, the absence of parasite eggs in the CW filters cannot be definitely stated. However, it could be theoretically assumed that the possibility of finding human parasite eggs originated from domestic wastewater in the LWA filters should be negligible.
Authors
Anders Ruus Norman Whitaker Green Amund Måge Carl Amundsen Merete Schøyen Jens SkeiAbstract
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