Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2011
Abstract
This paper focuses on the improvement of a combined impregnation process (CIP, also known as the Royal process). This treatment combines the protective properties of a wood protection agent and the hydrophobic properties of a subsequent oil treatment in a wood product. Copper-based wood preservatives, which are traditionally used in CIP, are very effective but their long-term future use is questionable because of environmental concerns, especially the toxicity against water-living organisms. There is a need for new environmentally friendly wood preservative systems for a use in CIP. The substitutes for copper used in this study are natural polymers and organic biocides. The aim of this research is to describe the fixation effectiveness of the following compounds: Chitosan, Propiconazole, Wolmanit CX-8, Tannin, fire protection agent, Alginate. The scots pine sapwood samples (50´25´15) mm were impregnated and oil treated. The treated products were analysed for their preservative-and oil-retention. Preservative fixation time influence on oil treatment was tested. The treated samples were leached according to EN84. Water samples were analyzed for the amount of active ingredient.
Authors
Vladimir Shulaev DJ Sargent RN Crowhurst TC Mockler O Folkerts AL Delcher P Jaiswal K Mockaitis A Liston SP Mane P Burns TM Davis JP Slovin N Bassil RP Hellens C Evans T Harkins C Kodira B Desany OR Crasta RV Jensen AC Allan TP Michael JC Setubal JM Celton DJG Rees KP Williams SH Holt JJR Rojas M Chatterjee B Liu H Silva L Meisel A Adato SA Filichkin M Troggio R Viola TL Ashman H Wang P Dharmawardhana J Elser R Raja HD Priest DW Bryant SE Fox SA Givan LJ Wilhelm S Naithani A Christoffels DY Salama J Carter EL Girona A Zdepski WQ Wang RA Kerstetter W Schwab SS Korban Jahn Davik A Monfort B Denoyes-Rothan P Arus R Mittler B Flinn A Aharoni JL Bennetzen SL Salzberg AW Dickerman R Velasco M Borodovsky RE Veilleux Kevin M. FoltaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted on impregnability of the raw material and large variations have been found. The leaching of wood preservatives into nature is a problem, especially agents that consist copper. Leachability of i. e. copper has been studied by several authors. This study tries to set the variation of leachability of Wolmanit CX-8 and Tanalith in system, evaluating the origin of a tree and the origin of a sample. Samples of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus Sylvestris) (20×20×50 mm) were treated with the wood protection agents Wolmanit CX-8 and Tanalith. The variation in leachability within trees, between trees and between different stands of Scots pine (in Norway and Denmark) was studied. The samples were climatized, impregnated with preservatives and leached according to standard EN84. The study indicates differences between the products. Stand location and samples position in a tree play a role in preservative leaching from wood, favouring southern located trees to be more prone to loosing preservative. Also the lowest part of the tree does not fixate preservatives as well as the upper parts.
Authors
Tore Filbakk Geir Skjevrak Olav Albert Høibø Janka Dibdiakova Raida JirjisAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Gregoire Certain Olav Skarpaas Jarle Werner Bjerke Erik Framstad Markus Lindholm Jan-Erik Nilsen Ann Norderhaug Eivind Oug Hans-Christian Pedersen Ann Kristin Schartau Gro Ingleid van der Meeren Iulie Aslaksen Steinar Engen Per-Arild Garnåsjordet Pål Kvaløy Magnar Lillegård Nigel Yoccoz Signe NybøAbstract
The magnitude and urgency of the biodiversity crisis is widely recognized within scientific and political organizations. However, a lack of integrated measures for biodiversity has greatly constrained the national and international response to the biodiversity crisis. Thus, integrated biodiversity indexes will greatly facilitate information transfer from science toward other areas of human society. The Nature Index framework samples scientific information on biodiversity from a variety of sources, synthesizes this information, and then transmits it in a simplified form to environmental managers, policymakers, and the public. The Nature Index optimizes information use by incorporating expert judgment, monitoring-based estimates, and model-based estimates. The index relies on a network of scientific experts, each of whom is responsible for one or more biodiversity indicators. The resulting set of indicators is supposed to represent the best available knowledge on the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in any given area. The value of each indicator is scaled relative to a reference state, i.e., a predicted value assessed by each expert for a hypothetical undisturbed or sustainably managed ecosystem. Scaled indicator values can be aggregated or disaggregated over different axes representing spatiotemporal dimensions or thematic groups. A range of scaling models can be applied to allow for different ways of interpreting the reference states, e.g., optimal situations or minimum sustainable levels. Statistical testing for differences in space or time can be implemented using Monte-Carlo simulations. This study presents the Nature Index framework and details its implementation in Norway. The results suggest that the framework is a functional, efficient, and pragmatic approach for gathering and synthesizing scientific knowledge on the state of biodiversity in any marine or terrestrial ecosystem and has general applicability worldwide.
Authors
Susanne Winter Ronald E. McRoberts Gherardo Chirici Annemarie Bastrup-Birk Jacques Rondeux Urs-Beat Brändli Jan-Erik Nilsen Marco MarchettiAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The osmotic method has been used for many years in Norway and Sweden as a routine method for detection of Pyrenophora teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) and P. graminea (anamorph D. graminea) on barley. The method is based on the ability of Pyrenophora spp. to produce red pigments. However, it cannot distinguish between P. teres and P. graminea because they produce the same pigment. A validation study has been carried out with the aim to provide the necessary documentation for including the method in the International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA Rules). Seven laboratories participated and each tested 3 x 300 seeds of three barley seed lots. Analyses of the results demonstrate that the method gives sufficient repeatability and there is no particular problem with this test at a laboratory level. Furthermore, in previous studies with the osmotic method organized by a Nordic working group, it has been shown that the osmotic method easily gives reproducible results for Pyrenophora teres/P. graminea in barley when used by experienced laboratories. Moreover, the osmotic method is well suited for routine analyses because it is quick and easy to carry out. The study showed, that if used correctly and with proper equipment the osmotic method for detection of Pyrenophora teres/P. graminea is easy to perform and it showed good conformity amongst laboratories.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered