Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
Authors
João Carlos de Moraes Sá Rattan Lal Klaus Lorenz Yadunath Bajgai Carla Gavilan Manan Kapoor Ademir De Oliveira Ferreira Clever Briedis Thiago Inagaki Lutecia Beatriz Canalli Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves Jeankleber BortoluzziAbstract
No-till systems grounded in the principles of conservation agriculture can restore the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and environmental sustainability. Here, we assessed the SOC stocks to 1-m depth for three land-uses (i.e., native vegetation - NV, no-till system – NTS, and plow-based tillage - PBT) across 26 sites in the Cerrado and 37 sites in the Atlantic Forest biomes of Brazil for 3402 soil samples. The depletion of SOC stocks under PBT compared to NV was equivalent to a loss of 38.1 % and 45.8 % of the original NV SOC stock for Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, respectively. The SOC stocks of 16 NTS sites exhibited levels that exceeded those under NV, and SOC stock was restored from 80 to 100 % of its NV levels in 27 other NTS sites across the Brazilian biomes. The SOC stock at seven of 13 edaphoclimatic zones (Clusters) was comparable to or more than that under NV. The duration of NTS to restore SOC stock to that under NV ranged from 36.4 to 55.0 years for the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, respectively. The NTS/NV SOC stock ratio indicated that one hectare of land under NTS has the potential to avert deforestation for food production of 0.81 ± 0.18 to 1.01 ± 0.15 ha of NV in the Brazilian biomes. In essence, NTS has been demonstrated to effectively restore SOC stocks in Brazil's biomes and play a pivotal role in integrating agriculture as a part of the solution for mitigation strategies for climate change.
Authors
Iuliana Caras Irina-Elena Ionescu Ana-Maria Pantazica Andre van Eerde Hege Særvold Steen Inger Heldal Sissel Haugslien Catalin Tucureanu Raluca-Elena Chelmus Vlad-Constantin Tofan Adriana Costache Adrian Onu Hang Su Norica Branza-Nichita Jihong Liu Clarke Crina StavaruAbstract
Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is still an ongoing public health issue worldwide. The most efficient tool in preventing HBV infection remains vaccination and significant efforts have been made in the last decade to improve current HBV vaccines. Owing to the strict HBV tropism for the human liver, developing animal models for preclinical screening of vaccine candidates is extremely challenging. To date, there are only a few reports regarding the use of humanized mouse models for the evaluation of the immunogenic properties of viral antigens.Methods: Previously we showed that a Nicotiana benthamiana-produced HBV-S/preS116-42 antigen elicited strong HBV-specific immune responses in BALB/c mice. In the current study, we used immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice as recipients of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs), to evaluate the immunogenicity of the recently developed chimeric HBV immunogen produced in CRISPR/Cas9-edited N. benthamiana, under more “humanized” conditions.Results: Analysis of the immune response in NSG mice immunized with the chimeric antigen demonstrated induction of virus infection-neutralizing antibodies, indicating activation of antigen-specific B cells.Discussion: The ability of hPBMCs-engrafted NSG mice to mount specific humoral immune responses after immunization with viral antigens supports this animal model as a promising tool for pre-clinical evaluation of human vaccine antigens.
Abstract
Warmer temperatures due to global warming and use of climate-enhancing fbre covers makes it important to gain specifc knowledge of the temperature response in potato cultivars grown under Midnight Sun in northern Scandinavia. The temperature response was therefore studied in climate-controlled growth chambers under constant temperatures from 9 to 21 °C under a natural 24-h photoperiod in a greenhouse in Tromsø (69.7°N, 18.9°E), Norway, for the potato cultivars Gullauge (medium late) and Mandel (late). There was a strong response in both cultivars to temperature, with reduced developmental time from emergence and leaf formation to visible fower buds at increasing temperature intervals. Emergence was earlier for Gullauge than for Mandel, followed by no diference in development time between cultivars for subsequent developmental stages. Shoot dry matter weight per plant was highest at 12 °C and 15 °C for both cultivars, although with higher shoot biomass at harvest in Mandel than in Gullauge. Tuber yields and tuber dry-matter percentages were higher for Gullauge than for Mandel. Fresh weight yields and dry matter percentage for both cultivars were highest at 15 °C. Optimum temperature for above-ground vegetative development-rate was estimated to be 24.0 °C and 22.6 °C, for Gullauge and Mandel, respectively. In contrast, the respective temperature optima for developing tuber dry matter content were 16.6 °C and 15.6 °C. Lower temperature optima for below-ground developme below ground with optimumsa of around nt make potato a suitable crop for temperate and boreal climates with cooler autumn temperatures. Diferent temperature response for above- and below-ground development may be used for decision about when to remove climate-enhancing covers in response to the temperature during the season. This diference may also be important for developing temperature-based growth models for potato cultivars from emergence to tuber yields.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marte Persdatter Tangvik May Bente Brurberg Christer Magnusson Arne Stensvand Simeon RossmannAbstract
Metabarcoding targeting nematodes, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes was used in combination with multispectral drone imagery and traditional soil extraction of nematodes to diagnose poor growth in patches of a potato field in Norway. Areas of good and poor growth as identified by the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on aerial photography were compared, and nematodes were identified as the likely drivers of poor growth. This was based on the presence of known plant-parasitic nematodes in the field and the significant association between low alpha diversity (total genus richness and abundance) for nematodes with areas of poor growth, while alpha diversity for other organism groups did not vary between patches with good and poor growth. Metabarcoding represented nematodes well compared to traditional soil extraction. The combination of aerial photography and metabarcoding used in this work offers a promising possibility to identify biological drivers of growth differences across organism groups at field scale.
Authors
Linn Vassvik Anders Nielsen Michael P.D. Garratt Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield Erik Trond AschehougAbstract
Low pollinator richness and abundance is a primary driver of pollination deficits and may lead to reduced yields (production deficits). In response, domesticated honeybees are often used to increase pollination success, even though honeybees are less efficient pollinators than naturally occurring wild bees. Here, we explored whether Norwegian apple orchards experience pollination and production deficits, and if such deficits could be related to specific pollinator groups and activity. We conducted a supplemental pollination experiment and measured seed set and yield (fruit set x weight) for three cultivars, in six orchards, in two distinct apple growing regions in central Norway, for two years. In addition, we used cameras to record relative pollinator activity throughout the flowering period. Overall, we found a pollination and production deficit across all cultivars, although there were differences in pollination deficit among cultivars. Three orchards had a pollination deficit both years of the study, suggesting sub-optimal orchard structure and/or a lack of pollinators. However, we found that solitary bees significantly reduced both pollination and production deficit, suggesting that orchard management actions should focus on increasing wild bee diversity and abundance.
Authors
Ioanna S. Panagea Paul Quataert María Alonso-Ayuso Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Maarten De Boever Mariangela Diacono Anna Jacobs Johannes L. Jensen Felix Seidel Daria Seitz Heide Spiegel Thijs Vanden Nest Axel Don Greet RuysschaertAbstract
Sustainable land management can play an important role in climate change mitigation by reducing soil organic carbon (SOC)losses or even by sequestering C in soils. This can be achieved through practices that increase C inputs to the soil and/or improve the quality of these inputs, thereby facilitating the removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and storing it in the soil asSOC. In this study, we investigated the potential of an increased share of legumes in crop rotations to enhance SOC accrual—defined as the increase in SOC stocks at a given land unit compared to the baseline scenario—using data from 30 mid-term(MTEs, 5–20 years) and long-term (LTEs, 20+ years) field experiments across Europe. Our findings indicate that increasing the proportion of forage legumes in rotations (based on 21 experiments and 39 paired comparisons) led to SOC accrual of up to13.25 Mg ha−1 (0.44 Mg ha−1 year−1), while grain legumes (based on nine experiments and 28 paired comparisons) resulted in a decrease in SOC stocks of up to 14.37 Mg ha−1 (−0.48 Mg ha−1 year−1) compared to the reference treatment. For forage legumes,the largest SOC gains were achieved at sites with the smallest reference SOC stocks and greater share of forage legumes in the rotation. Our observations suggested that the duration of crop growth of the forage legumes (annual vs. perennial) did not exert a significant impact on SOC stock increase, while pedoclimatic zone did. Positive effects on SOC stocks were more pronounced in the Atlantic climatic zone in contrast to the Mediterranean climatic zone. For grain legumes, larger SOC losses were observed with a greater share of grain legumes in the rotation. Overall, integrating forage legumes in cropping systems can enhance their sustainability and present a viable option for climate change mitigation. Finally, we present a regression equation to derive emission factors (EFs) for estimating SOC changes due to the increase of the share of forage legumes in a rotation, and another due to the increase of the share of grain legumes in the rotation. The first can be used to support the assessment of management impacts for the purpose of rewarding carbon farming and the estimation of a national-scale SOC accrual potential, while the second can be used for estimating national-scale SOC losses.
Authors
Sanandam Bordoloi Artemi Cerdà Csilla Farkas Katarína Hegedüšová Vantarová Giora J. Kidron Ľubomír LichnerAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Joachim Paul Töpper Joseph Chipperfield Robert Lewis Liv Guri Velle Dagmar Dorothea Egelkraut Vigdis VandvikAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Joachim Paul Töpper Joseph Chipperfield Robert Lewis Liv Guri Velle Dagmar Dorothea Egelkraut Vigdis VandvikAbstract
No abstract has been registered