Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Authors
Anna Maria Vettraino Alberto Santini Christo Nikolov Jean-Claude Grégoire Rumen Tomov Andrei Orlinski Tiit Maaten Halldor Sverrisson Bjørn Økland René EschenAbstract
Sentinel plants, plants in exporting countries that are inspected at regular intervals for signs and symptoms of invertebrate pests and microbial pathogens, are a promising tool for detecting and identifying harmful organisms of woody plants prior to their introduction into importing countries. Monitoring of sentinel plants reveals crucial information for pest risk analyses and the development of mitigation measures. The establishment of sentinel plants requires the import and plantation of non-native plants, which may be affected by the laws, regulations and administrative procedures in the individual countries. To evaluate the feasibility of sentinel plants as a global approach, this study aimed to summarise regulations and administrative procedures that affect the establishment of sentinel plants using non-native plants in countries worldwide. Information about national regulations of import and planting of non-native plant species was collected through a questionnaire survey, conducted among national representatives to the International Plant Protection Convention. Over 40 countries responded. The results show that legislations and regulations should not be major obstacles for a global use of the sentinel plants approach. However, the few existing experiences show that it can be complicated in practice. Here we describe the current state of art of the procedures that should be adopted to establish sentinel plants and we propose a strategy to circumvent the shortcomings resulting from the lack of a specific regulation.
Authors
Bjørn ØklandAbstract
The populations sizes of Ips typographus in Norway have been monitored since the last big outbreak period in the 1970s. By now the monitoring programme includes about 500 pheromone-baited trap records for each of the last 40 years. Normally, Ips typographus has been the only species of major concern in northern bark beetle outbreaks, and trapping records have served as a warning when the over-wintering population sizes are large. In contrast to Central Europe, the regional trend in northwest is that rainy weather tend to slow down the bark beetle populations in many years, whereas stormfelling episodes of spruces, snowbreaks and warm and dry seasons in certain years favour Ips typographus and other bark beetle species. Recent observations indicate that other less aggressive bark beetle species may play a more important role during severe drought periods that follow rainful seasons with low production of Ips typographus. It is likely that an increased frequency of extreme weather events may have unexpected effects on what bark beetles become abundant during the course of the outbreaks. Furthermore, the warm years seem to be especially favourable for the Ips typographus at the northernmost latitudes. In addition, a new bark beetle species for Scandinavia, Ips amitinus, is expanding its range and may become a participant in future bark beetle outbreaks in this region.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Knut-Erik Tollefsen Karina Petersen Ana Catarina Almeida Thomas Backhaus Tania Gomes H.R. Norli Sven R. Odenmarck Hans Ragnar Norli You Song Raoul Wolf Li Xie Joachim Sturve Marianne StenrødAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Andre van Eerde Aniko Varnai John-Kristian Jameson Lisa Paruch Anders Moen Jan Haug Anonsen Piotr Chylenski Hege Særvold Steen Inger Heldal Ralph Bock Vincent Eijsink Jihong Liu ClarkeAbstract
Sustainable production of biofuels from lignocellulose feedstocks depends on cheap enzymes for degradation of such biomass. Plants offer a safe and cost‐effective production platform for biopharmaceuticals, vaccines and industrial enzymes boosting biomass conversion to biofuels. Production of intact and functional protein is a prerequisite for large‐scale protein production, and extensive host‐specific post‐translational modifications (PTMs) often affect the catalytic properties and stability of recombinant enzymes. Here we investigated the impact of plant PTMs on enzyme performance and stability of the major cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei, an industrially relevant enzyme. TrCel7A was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana using a vacuum‐based transient expression technology, and this recombinant enzyme (TrCel7Arec) was compared with the native fungal enzyme (TrCel7Anat) in terms of PTMs and catalytic activity on commercial and industrial substrates. We show that the N‐terminal glutamate of TrCel7Arec was correctly processed by N. benthamiana to a pyroglutamate, critical for protein structure, while the linker region of TrCel7Arec was vulnerable to proteolytic digestion during protein production due to the absence of O‐mannosylation in the plant host as compared with the native protein. In general, the purified full‐length TrCel7Arec had 25% lower catalytic activity than TrCel7Anat and impaired substrate‐binding properties, which can be attributed to larger N‐glycans and lack of O‐glycans in TrCel7Arec. All in all, our study reveals that the glycosylation machinery of N. benthamiana needs tailoring to optimize the production of efficient cellulases.
Authors
Pablo González-Moreno Lorenzo Lazzaro Montserrat Vilà Cristina Preda Tim Adriaens Sven Bacher Giuseppe Brundu Gordon H. Copp Franz Essl Emili Garcia-Berthou Stelios Katsanevakis Toril Loennechen Moen Frances E. Lucy Wolfgang Nentwig Helen E. Roy Greta Srėbalienė Venche Talgø Sonia Vanderhoeven Ana Andjelković Kęstutis Arbačiauskas Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg Mi-Jung Bae Michel Bariche Pieter Boets Mário Boieiro Paulo Alexandre Borges João Canning-Clode Frederico Cardigos Niki Chartosia Elizabeth Joanne Cottier-Cook Fabio Crocetta Bram D'hondt Bruno Foggi Swen Follak Belinda Gallardo Øivind Gammelmo Sylvaine Giakoumi Claudia Giuliani Guillaume Fried Lucija Šerić Jelaska Jonathan M. Jeschke Miquel Jover Alejandro Juárez-Escario Stefanos Kalogirou Aleksandra Kočić Eleni Kytinou Ciaran Laverty Vanessa Lozano Alberto Maceda-Veiga Elizabete Marchante Hélia Marchante Angeliki F. Martinou Sandro Meyer Dan Michin Ana Montero-Castaño Maria Cristina Morais Carmen Morales-Rodriguez Nadia Muhthassim Zoltán Á. Nagy Nikica Ogris Huseyin Onen Jan Pergl Riikka Puntila Wolfgang Rabitsch Triya Tessa Ramburn Carla Rego Fabian Reichenbach Carmen Romeralo Wolf-Christian Saul Gritta Schrader Rory Sheehan Predrag Simonović Marius Skolka António Onofre Soares Leif Sundheim Ali Serhan Tarkan Rumen Tomov Elena Tricarico Konstantinos Tsiamis Ahmet Uludağ Johan van Valkenburg Hugo Verreycken Anna Maria Vettraino Lluís Vilar Øystein Wiig Johanna Witzell Andrea Zanetta Marc KenisAbstract
Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
Authors
Marit AlmvikAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marit Almvik Marianne Stenrød Randi Bolli Alice Budai Ingvill Hauso Olaug Bach Steinar Haugse Ole Martin EkloAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marit Almvik Marie-Pierre Pavageau Nina Elisabeth Nagy Hans Ragnar Norli Ari Hietala Sven R. Odenmarck Monica Fongen Anas KamlehAbstract
No abstract has been registered