Biography

My research focuses on diseases in trees and shrubs, specifically on Phytophthora and fungal diseases in nurseries, forests, Christmas tree fields and urban green areas. I am also involved in Christmas tree improvement projects where the goal is to find superior Christmas trees for Norwegian conditions. In 2013, I completed my Master of Science in Forestry at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). In 2018, I achieved my PhD in Forestry and Environmental Resources at North Carolina State University (NCSU) and SLU. During my PhD, I worked on several projects on Phytophthora and fungal diseases in Christmas tree plantations together with researchers at NIBIO. Since August 2018, I have been working at the Department of Fungal Plant Pathology in Forestry, Agriculture and Horticulture at NIBIO.

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Abstract

Gray mold, caused by Botrytis spp., is a serious problem in Norway spruce seedling production in forest nurseries. From 2013 to 2019, 125 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from eight forest nurseries in Norway: 53 from Norway spruce seedlings, 16 from indoor air, 52 from indoor surfaces, and four from weeds growing close to seedlings. The majority of isolates were identified as B. cinerea, and over 60% of these were characterized as Botrytis group S. B. pseudocinerea isolates were obtained along with isolates with DNA sequence similarities to B. prunorum. Fungicide resistance was assessed with a mycelial growth assay, and resistance was found for the following: boscalid (8.8%), fenhexamid (33.6%), fludioxonil (17.6%), pyraclostrobin (36.0%), pyrimethanil (13.6%), and thiophanate-methyl (50.4%). Many isolates (38.4%) were resistant to two to six different fungicides. A selection of isolates was analyzed for the presence of known resistance-conferring mutations in the cytb, erg27, mrr1, sdhB, and tubA genes, and mutations leading to G143A, F412S, ΔL497, H272R, and E198A/F200Y were detected, respectively. Detection of fungicide resistance in Botrytis from Norway spruce and forest nursery facilities reinforces the necessity of employing resistance management strategies to improve control and delay development of fungicide resistance in the gray mold pathogens.