Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
Authors
Emily FollettAbstract
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Rapporten presenterer livsløpsanalyser (LCA) av melkeproduksjon på to norske eksempelbruk hvor en har sett på hvordan miljøpåvirkningen varierer etter strategi for grovfôrproduksjon og -konservering. Studien vurderte (1) alternative linjer for konservering og lagring av grovfôr, (2) presisjonsgjødsling versus uniform gjødsling og (3) produksjon og fôring av grovfôr med ulik fordøyelighet. Resultater er vist for miljøpåvirkningskategoriene globalt oppvarmingspotensial (GWP), terrestrisk forsuring, eutrofiering av ferskvann og knapphet på fossile ressurser. Det var små forskjeller i miljøpåvirkning avhengig av om grovfôret ble konservert i plansilo eller i rundballer dersom en forutsatte liten variasjon i svinn av surfôr mellom metodene. Om en antok at svinnet med bruk av plansilo økte fra 8 % til 25 %, ble GWP per fôrenhet 20 % høyere. Presisjonsgjødsling, simulert med påfølgende moderate avlingsøkninger per enhet investert nitrogen (2,5 – 5 %), ga små miljøforbedringer. En økning i nitrogenutnyttelsen med 15 % kunne imidlertid redusere GWP per kg melk betydelig. Studien viste også at produksjon av lettfordøyelig grovfôr økte GWP per enhet fôr, men at fôring med dette versus mindre fordøyelig surfôr kunne redusere utslipp per kg melk dersom det ga høyere melkeytelse per ku. Studien viste at miljøvurderinger av grovfôrproduksjonen bør gjøres innenfor definerte gårdssystemer slik at en får med seg samspillet mellom og responser i både jord, planter og husdyr.
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No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ghulam Qasim Khan Dejan Dragan Miladinovic Puchun Niu Eddy Weurding Jos van Hees Martha Irene Grøseth Egil PrestløkkenAbstract
This article synthesizes evidence on how screw-extrusion followed by pelleting can tailor compound feeds to improve nutrient use in ruminants. Extrusion can produce pellets with targeted density and fluid stability by altering starch gelatinization, protein functionality, and fiber structure, potentially shifting rumen degradation kinetics and nutrient flow to the intestine. This article identifies extruder settings needed to achieve the desired pellet density and fluid stability for rumen control, and defines and evaluates ruminant-specific physical properties of extruded feed pellets.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ranks among the top three health threats facing the EU. The AMR crisis is characterized as a “creeping crisis” and refers to the development where the increase in AMR causes antibiotics to lose their efficiency and effect—potentially causing millions of deaths. This article explores the EU's efforts to manage the AMR crisis by linking and coordinating different policy sectors. It assumes that institutional factors at the meso‐level, that is, at the level where political strategies are transformed into action, are key to ensure coordination across policy‐sectors and thus successful implementation of inter‐sectorial AMR policies. Drawing on literature on historical institutionalism, we analyze the development of institutional conditions for coordinating the three key sectors of AMR‐governance in the EU: the human health, veterinary, and environmental sectors. The starting point is the observation that the latter sector is considerably less integrated into AMR governance than the other two sectors. The article describes and explains how institutional developments at the meso‐level of AMR governance in the EU (European Commission Directorate‐Generals (DGs), EU agencies) contribute to an inter‐sectoral coordination deficit, or a “blind spot,” in the combat against AMR.
Authors
Erlend Hustad Honningdalsnes Erik Stensrud Marstein Dag Lindholm Helge Bonesmo Heine Nygard RiiseAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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Abstract Semi‐natural grasslands are recognized as important habitat for bumblebees in Fennoscandia. These grasslands are maintained by free‐ranging sheep, but it is unclear which sheep intensities are most beneficial to bumblebees. We will compare bumblebee species richness and abundance with Bayesian mixed models at varying levels of disturbance by sheep to test the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, while considering other important habitat variables: distance to forest, meadow size, sward height, and availability of flowers, litter and bare soil. Practical Implication: Results of this investigation will provide valuable information to land managers setting limits for the number of free‐ranging sheep released on semi‐natural grasslands within the coniferous boreal landscape to benefit bumblebee conservation.
Abstract
Soil pH is one of the properties that determines the levels of bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients for plant roots. Apple rootstocks are the interface by which these nutrients are absorbed and shuttled to grafted scions. Our experiment was aimed at understanding the phenotypic and underlying genotypic variation of apple roots interacting with the same soil amended to five pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) by monitoring growth and leaf nutrient concentrations (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn, and Ni) of one-year-old ‘Golden Delicious’ trees grafted on 28 different apple rootstocks. Data were analyzed as a full factorial of pH and rootstock type. Soil pH amendment was successful as least squares means for the pH main effect displayed expected nutrient content curves for Mo (increasing with higher pH) and for Mn (decreasing with higher pH). ANOVA showed significance for main effects (pH and rootstock type) while the interaction (pH × rootstock type) was significant only for Mo. Both main effects were significant for Mn, P, and Ca whereas pH was significant for Fe and rootstock type was significant for Cu, Zn, and S. No significant effects were observed for Na, Ni and K. Multivariate analyses using rootstock genotype LS means revealed diverse correlation (pairwise Pearson) patterns when the data were analyzed as a whole or split by pH treatment levels. For example, the genotypic similarity (Pearson pairwise) between K and Mo was not significant at pH level 4.5 (r=-0.342 and p=0.109) whereas at pH 8.5 such relationship was highly correlated (r=-0.547 and p=0.006). Similar results were observed among other nutrients. Dual hierarchical clustering (Ward) displayed different number and composition of clusters according to pH where two main clusters were observed for pH 4.5 and three main clusters for the other pH levels. Rootstocks G.41, G.890, MM.111 and G.935 were tightly clustered at pH 7.5 whereas at pH 5.5 they all fell into different clusters. These results suggest the individuality of the interaction of each rootstock with pH levels with implications on fertilizer management practices and optimum pH and planting amendments specific for rootstock type.