Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2006
Authors
Adam ParuchAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Line E. Sverdrup Roar Linjordet Gjermund Strømman Snorre Hagen Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Åsa Frostegård Roald SørheimAbstract
The effect of zinc on soil nitrification and composition of the microbial community in soil was investigated using a full factorial experiment with five zinc concentrations and four levels of biological complexity (microbes only, microbes and earthworms (Eisenia fetida), microbes and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. Macho), and microbes, ryegrass and earthworms). After 6 weeks of exposure, the activity of soil nitrifying bacteria was measured and the microbial community structure was characterized by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil nitrification and several PLFA markers were significantly influenced by either zinc addition and/or the presence of earthworms or ryegrass, and one of the most pronounced changes was the increase of fungi and decrease of bacteria with increasing concentrations of zinc. Of particular interest, however, was the potential interaction between the presence of plants and/or earthworms and the effect of zinc, which the factorial study design allowed us to explore. Such an effect was observed in two cases: Earthworms reduced the positive effect of zinc on the fungal biomass (ANOVA, p = 0.03), and the effect of earthworms on the soil nitrification activity depended on zinc concentration (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The effect of earthworm presence was not very large, but it does show that multispecies tests might give information about metal toxicity, or bioavailability that cannot be predicted from single-species tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of manure on retention of selenium (Se) in soil. Addition of cattle manure in combination with selenite and selenate reduced the adsorption of both anions to a loam soil in a batch experiment. The results were explained by the content of low-molecular-weight organic acids in the manure which compete with Se for the sorption sites. In a pot experiment with loam and peat soils and with two pH levels within each soil, cattle slurry added together with selenate was found to increase the Se concentration in grain at the highest pH level (6.1 and 6.8 for the loam and peat, respectively). At a lower pH (5.4 and 6.0 for the loam and peat, respectively) there was no significant effect of slurry on Se concentration in grain. Application of slurry also increased the residual effect of Se applied to the loam soil in the preceding growing season. In the peat soil, no residual effect of Se was found either with or without the addition of slurry.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Dissolved aluminium was fractionated in the field and the laboratory using a cation exchange method. Although absolute differences between results obtained from field and laboratory fractionations were generally small, relative differences, expressed as the ratio between labile aluminium determined after laboratory fractionation (Alll) and that obtained after field fractionation (Allf), could be large. The differences found were not statistically significant, although this may simply reflect the spread in the results. Alll/Allf had no apparent relationship with the temperature difference between the field and the lab. Although some significant correlations were found between Alll/Allf and H+, no significant correlations were found with the equivalent relative difference in {H+} between the lab and the field. Neither was any significant correlation found with dissolved organic carbon.
Authors
Aldo Marchetto Rosario Mosello Gabriele A. Tartari John Derome Kirsti Derome Pia Sorsa Nils König Nicholas Clarke Erwin Ulrich Anna KowalskaAbstract
Working Ring Test (WRT) was organised in the framework of the EU Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 (`Forest Focus`) and of the UN/ECE Program `ICP Forests` in order to evaluate the overall performance of the laboratories monitoring atmospheric deposition and soil solution in European Forests, and to verify the improvement in the analytical quality as the results of the QA/QC work carried out in the laboratories which participated to a previous WRT. Seven natural samples of atmospheric deposition and soil solutions and 5 synthetic solutions were distributed to 52 laboratories, which analysed them using their routine method for the following variables: pH, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, total alkalinity, phosphate, total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, aluminium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, total phosphorus, total sulphur and silica. For each variable, a Data Quality Objective was defined, based on the results of the previous WRT, the comparison with the DQOs of other international networks, and the importance of the variable in deposition and soil solution monitoring. It resulted that 38% of the results do not meet the DQO, showing for which variables and in which laboratories improvement in analytical performance is needed. The results of the exercise clearly show that the use of data check procedures, as those described in the ICP Forests manual for sampling and analysis of atmospheric deposition, would make it possible to detect the presence of outliers or results not accurate, and would greatly improve the overall performance of the laboratories. Some analytical methods were found not suitable to the samples used in this WRT, nor to atmospheric deposition samples in European forests, and they include outdated methods, such as turbidimetry or nephelometry for the determination of sulphate, silver nitrate titration and ion selective electrode for chloride, Kjeldahl digestion for the determination of ammonium and organic nitrogen, and colorimetric titrations for alkalinity. A detailed discussion of the analyses of total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and total alkalinity is also provided, as they were the variables for which more analytical difficulty arose. Finally, a comparison between the results of this WRT and those of the previous exercise showed that the analytical performance of the laboratories participating in both WRTs improved as a consequence of the adoption of QA/QC procedures.
Abstract
The paper describes the development of the two involved nurseries and the reforestation efforts and results on the two experimental sites at Munda and in Mahamaya
Abstract
Based on testing of 43 varieties from 2003 through 2006, this report gives recommendations for selection of turfgrass varieties for putting greens on golf courses with various resources and in various parts of Scandinavia.