Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
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Authors
Håvard Kauserud Tor Arne Justad Yngvild Vindenes Ine-Susanne Hopland Methlie Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Inger Skrede Sundy MauriceAbstract
Wood-decay fungi are adapted to growth under different climate conditions and on various host tree species, but little is known about intraspecific variation in growth, substrate specificity and decay rates under different climatic conditions. Such knowledge is relevant to understand how wood-decay fungi will respond to climate change. Here, we investigate whether populations of the widespread brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola grow at different rates under different temperatures and water availabilities and whether the decay rate of the two wood substrates, Alnus incana and Picea abies, differs across populations. We isolated 72 cultures from fruit bodies collected in nine geographic localities across Norway, representing different climate conditions and substrates. We conducted in vitro growth experiments to assess the level of intraspecific phenotypic variability in temperature-dependent growth. All populations showed a strong but similar response in mycelial growth rates to different temperatures and water potentials. There were no consistent differences between populations in growth rates across temperatures, but larger variation between populations at the higher temperatures. Similarly, we observed no significant differences in wood decay rates across the nine populations and no signs of substrate specific adaptation to P. abies and A. incana. Our results indicate that local adaptation to different climates or substrates, as revealed by in vitro growth experiments, has to a limited extent, taken place during the few thousand years Fomitopsis pinicola has been present in this area.
Authors
Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Magne Nordang Skårn Venche Talgø Martin Pettersson Inger Sundheim Fløistad Gunn Strømeng May Bente Brurberg Arne StensvandAbstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis spp., is a serious problem in Norway spruce seedling production in forest nurseries. From 2013 to 2019, 125 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from eight forest nurseries in Norway: 53 from Norway spruce seedlings, 16 from indoor air, 52 from indoor surfaces, and four from weeds growing close to seedlings. The majority of isolates were identified as B. cinerea, and over 60% of these were characterized as Botrytis group S. B. pseudocinerea isolates were obtained along with isolates with DNA sequence similarities to B. prunorum. Fungicide resistance was assessed with a mycelial growth assay, and resistance was found for the following: boscalid (8.8%), fenhexamid (33.6%), fludioxonil (17.6%), pyraclostrobin (36.0%), pyrimethanil (13.6%), and thiophanate-methyl (50.4%). Many isolates (38.4%) were resistant to two to six different fungicides. A selection of isolates was analyzed for the presence of known resistance-conferring mutations in the cytb, erg27, mrr1, sdhB, and tubA genes, and mutations leading to G143A, F412S, ΔL497, H272R, and E198A/F200Y were detected, respectively. Detection of fungicide resistance in Botrytis from Norway spruce and forest nursery facilities reinforces the necessity of employing resistance management strategies to improve control and delay development of fungicide resistance in the gray mold pathogens.
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No abstract has been registered
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In the present work we have investigated the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on the growth and quality of carrots. The experiment tested how precipitation above field capacity (WATER) vs. no precipitation (DROUGHT) affect carrot growth and storability. Each treatment period lasted three weeks. We found no yield difference between the treatments at harvesting the carrots (6.6 vs. 6 t daa‑1) and the proportion of fresh roots was generally around 85%. High precipitation, especially in the latter part of the growth period, resulted in a higher proportion of cracked roots, number of roots with a lighter colour, rot in the upper part of the root and the occurrence of enlarged cork cells. After storage, we did not see any difference between the different treatments in the proportion of fresh roots. There was a slight tendency for tip rot to increase during drought at the end of the season. The soil content of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) was reduced by high water supply, especially early in the season. The nutrient content in the roots was generally less affected by treatments than the soil mineral content. We found that the content of K and manganese (Mn) was higher at high water supply and the content of zinc (Zn) and ion (Fe) lower. The dry matter content was lowest in the treatments with a high-water supply. As the precipitation influences the soil content of some minerals, we looked at how low pH, low Ca content in the soil, would influence carrot growth. High soil pH (7.4 vs. 5.5) resulted in a higher proportion of roots with fingers when harvesting, but a lower proportion of roots with tip rot after storage (7.8 vs. 3.3%) as well as a higher proportion of healthy roots (83% vs. 67%). The conclusion is that the climatic changes where periods with high precipitation and with drought occur more often require attention to cultivation methods to reduce the negative effects.
Authors
Mark A. Anthony Leho Tedersoo Bruno De Vos Luc Croisé Henning Meesenburg Markus Wagner Henning Andreae Frank Jacob Paweł Lech Anna Kowalska Martin Greve Genoveva Popova Beat Frey Arthur Gessler Marcus Schaub Marco Ferretti Peter Waldner Vicent Calatayud Roberto Canullo Giancarlo Papitto Aleksander Marinšek Morten Ingerslev Lars Vesterdal Pasi Rautio Helge Meissner Volkmar Timmermann Mike Dettwiler Nadine Eickenscheidt Andreas Schmitz Nina Van Tiel Thomas W. Crowther Colin AverillAbstract
Forest soils harbor hyper-diverse microbial communities which fundamentally regulate carbon and nutrient cycling across the globe. Directly testing hypotheses on how microbiome diversity is linked to forest carbon storage has been difficult, due to a lack of paired data on microbiome diversity and in situ observations of forest carbon accumulation and storage. Here, we investigated the relationship between soil microbiomes and forest carbon across 238 forest inventory plots spanning 15 European countries. We show that the composition and diversity of fungal, but not bacterial, species is tightly coupled to both forest biotic conditions and a seven-fold variation in tree growth rates and biomass carbon stocks when controlling for the effects of dominant tree type, climate, and other environmental factors. This linkage is particularly strong for symbiotic endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi known to directly facilitate tree growth. Since tree growth rates in this system are closely and positively correlated with belowground soil carbon stocks, we conclude that fungal composition is a strong predictor of overall forest carbon storage across the European continent.