Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Authors
Kirsten TørresenAbstract
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Kirsten TørresenAbstract
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Kirsten TørresenAbstract
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Authors
Anna Maria Vettraino Alberto Santini Christo Nikolov Jean-Claude Grégoire Rumen Tomov Andrei Orlinski Tiit Maaten Halldor Sverrisson Bjørn Økland René EschenAbstract
Sentinel plants, plants in exporting countries that are inspected at regular intervals for signs and symptoms of invertebrate pests and microbial pathogens, are a promising tool for detecting and identifying harmful organisms of woody plants prior to their introduction into importing countries. Monitoring of sentinel plants reveals crucial information for pest risk analyses and the development of mitigation measures. The establishment of sentinel plants requires the import and plantation of non-native plants, which may be affected by the laws, regulations and administrative procedures in the individual countries. To evaluate the feasibility of sentinel plants as a global approach, this study aimed to summarise regulations and administrative procedures that affect the establishment of sentinel plants using non-native plants in countries worldwide. Information about national regulations of import and planting of non-native plant species was collected through a questionnaire survey, conducted among national representatives to the International Plant Protection Convention. Over 40 countries responded. The results show that legislations and regulations should not be major obstacles for a global use of the sentinel plants approach. However, the few existing experiences show that it can be complicated in practice. Here we describe the current state of art of the procedures that should be adopted to establish sentinel plants and we propose a strategy to circumvent the shortcomings resulting from the lack of a specific regulation.
Authors
Bjørn ØklandAbstract
The populations sizes of Ips typographus in Norway have been monitored since the last big outbreak period in the 1970s. By now the monitoring programme includes about 500 pheromone-baited trap records for each of the last 40 years. Normally, Ips typographus has been the only species of major concern in northern bark beetle outbreaks, and trapping records have served as a warning when the over-wintering population sizes are large. In contrast to Central Europe, the regional trend in northwest is that rainy weather tend to slow down the bark beetle populations in many years, whereas stormfelling episodes of spruces, snowbreaks and warm and dry seasons in certain years favour Ips typographus and other bark beetle species. Recent observations indicate that other less aggressive bark beetle species may play a more important role during severe drought periods that follow rainful seasons with low production of Ips typographus. It is likely that an increased frequency of extreme weather events may have unexpected effects on what bark beetles become abundant during the course of the outbreaks. Furthermore, the warm years seem to be especially favourable for the Ips typographus at the northernmost latitudes. In addition, a new bark beetle species for Scandinavia, Ips amitinus, is expanding its range and may become a participant in future bark beetle outbreaks in this region.
Authors
Bjørn Økland Daniel Flø Martin Schroeder Peter Zach Dragos Cocos Petri Martikainen Juha Siitonen Michail Y. Mandelshtam Dmitry L. Musolin Seppo Neuvonen Jozef Vakula Christo Nikolov Åke Lindelöw Kaljo VoolmaAbstract
1 Ips amitinus arrived in Northern Europe at the beginning of 1900s, although its recent expansions to the northernmost conifers have been rapid. 2 Analyses of recent records, MaxEnt models and regional population size estimates are used to discuss its peculiar range shifts and potential as a forest pest in Northern Europe. 3 Ips amitinus was probably absent in northern glacial refugia for Norway spruce in the Russian plain and northward expansions from its glacial refugia in the Central European mountains may have been slowed down by: (i) ecological barriers of post-glacial dry plains and bogs in Central Europe; (ii) heavy utilization of conifers; and (iii) Allee effects as a result of fragmented forests and an unfavourable climate for a cold-adapted species in the continental lowlands. 4 MaxEnt models predict that I. amitinus may become widespread in the Northern European forests, whereas its populations in the southernmost mountain ranges of Europe may decline in the future. 5 The population levels of I. amitinus in recently invaded northern areas are still lower than those in core areas of Central Europe, although the population development in Central Europe indicates that future bark beetle outbreak periods may boost the I. amitinus populations in Northern Europe as well.
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Authors
Richard Meadow Tor J. Johansen Gunda Thöming Annette Folkedal Schjøll Belén Cotes Christian NansenAbstract
No abstract has been registered