Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2013
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Authors
Fuad Gasi Mirsad Kurtovic Belma Kalamujic Naris Pojskic Jasmin Grahic Clive Kaiser Mekjell MelandAbstract
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Authors
Marc Babut Gertie H. Arts Anna Barra Caracciolo Nadia Carluer Nicolas Domange Nikolai Friberg Vèronique Gouy Merete Grung Laurent Lagadick Fabrice Martin-Laurent Nicolas Mazzella Stèphane Pesce Benoit Real Stefan Reichenberger Erwin W. M. Roex Kees Romijn Manfred Röttele Marianne Stenrød Julien Tounebize Francoise Vernier Eric VindimianAbstract
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The male and female genitalia characters of the European species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821, are described and compared in detail for the first time. The sclerites inside the median phallomer (internal sac) of M. sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) differ from those of all other examined species, and appear to be the best characters to separate M. sutor from M. galloprovincialis. There are no differences between the male or female genitalia characters of M. sartor (Fabricius, 1787) and M. urussovi (Fischer von Waldheim, 1805). Thus, M. urussovi is regarded as a subspecies of M. sartor: M. sartor urussovi nov. stat. The present results also support that the previously considered subspecies M. galloprovincialis pistor (Germar, 1818) is a true junior synonym of M. galloprovincialis galloprovincialis. No sclerites occur inside the internal sac of M. saltuarius (Gebler, 1830). The internal sac of M. sartor sartor (Fabricius, 1787), M. sartor urussovi and M. impluviatus impluviatus (Motschulsky, 1859) are distinctly different from the other European species of Monochamus: there is an elongated tube (terminal segment) inside the internal sac containing two very small and weakly sclerotized plates in M. sartor sartor and M. sartor urussovi and a larger sclerite in M. impluviatus impluviatus. A key to the European species and subspecies of Monochamus, incorporating male genitalia characters, is provided.
Authors
Eric N. Hansen Erlend Nybakk Rajat PanwarAbstract
The recent economic downturn severely affected the US forest sector from a macro-economic perspective but little is known about changes in firm-level performance. In this study we investigate the changes in financial, social and environmental performance of forest sector firms during a period approximately corresponding to the downturn. We also assess industry dynamism and industry’s view about social and environmental responsibility as a competitive tool. We conducted a national survey of wood, furniture and paper companies. Approximately sixty percent of our respondents reported a decline in financial performance during the downturn. With respect to social and environmental performance, customer oriented actions show mixed trends, employee matters remained somewhat unaltered, community engagement significantly decreased, and engagement in environmental activities significantly increased. Respondents view their operating business environment as highly dynamic and difficult and they do not view engagement in social and environmental responsibility activities leading to either financial or non-financial benefits.
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The ground-based harvesting system consisting of a harvester and a forwarder is the dominant harvesting system in parts of the world, due to its high productivity. Both machines usually operate along extraction trails, and are equipped with cranes that can reach some distance from the extraction trail. In this work we optimize the layout of an extraction trail network by considering how terrain topography influences the cost of forwarding. Given the complexity of finding optimal machine trails for terrain transportation, traditional optimization methods might be limited due to the problem size. In this study, the optimization is done with a greedy constructive heuristic and a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) metaheuristic, and the results of the two solution techniques are compared. Both the greedy heuristic and the GRASP metaheuristic were examined for a semi-random terrain and a smooth cone-shaped terrain, and provided useable extraction trail layouts in terms of how a forest machine operates on slopes. The objective value of the solution found by the GRASP metaheuristic was 5.6% better than the greedy heuristic in the semi-random terrain, and 2.3% better in the cone-shaped terrain. The result of this study showed that the GRASP metaheuristic is useful for finding feasible routes in the terrain, increasing efficiency. The method could be useful for planning feasible routes in the terrain, thereby increasing efficiency, or for acquiring a better estimate of the cost of terrain transport in price setting.
Authors
Ermias Deribe Bjørn Olav Rosseland Reidar Borgstrøm Brit Salbu Zinabu Gebremariam Elias Dadebo Lindis Skipperud Ole Martin EkloAbstract
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No abstract has been registered