Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2015
Authors
Ole Martin Eklo Marit Almvik Halvard Hole Åge Arild Nyborg Marianne Stenrød Katrine Borgå Hubert Dirven Merete Grung Jan Ludvig Lyche Marit Låg Asbjørn Magne Nilsen Line Emilie Sverdrup Torsten KällqvistAbstract
In this report the following topic of pesticides and fate in Norway has been outlined covering: 1. Factors influencing degradation of pesticides. 2. Description and update of datasets on soil and climate in agricultural areas. 3. Normalization of field degradation data as input for modelling fate. 4. Use of degradation data from Norway in model scenarios.
Authors
Jan Ludvig Lyche Hubert Dirven Marit Låg Asbjørn Magne Nilsen Katrine Borgå Ole Martin Eklo Merete Grung Line Emilie Sverdrup Torsten KällqvistAbstract
Aviator Xpro EC 225 containing the active substance bixafen was assessed by VKM in spring 2013, and it was concluded that the metabolite M44 has potential for groundwater contamination. Furthermore, VKM assessed in late 2013 the relevance of this metabolite in accordance with the EU guidance document on metabolites in groundwater, and concluded that the malformations observed in rabbits exposed to the metabolite should be considered treatment related. VKM also concluded that the data presented to evaluate the possible genotoxic properties of the metabolite was insufficient to reach a conclusion. Based on this, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority rejected the approval of Aviator Xpro EC 225. The applicant has now submitted results from an in vivo study to strengthen the basis for assessment of genotoxic properties, and also submitted new historical controls in relation to the experimental studies on foetal developmental effects in rabbits. The VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products has discussed the questions raised by The Norwegian Food Safety Authority on the basis of the new data, and has the following opinion: On the assessment of genotoxic properties of the M44 metabolite of bixafen, one of the active ingredients of Aviator Xpro EC 225 It is the view of VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products that the new in vivo mouse micronucleus study, supplemented together with a separate study demonstrating bioavailability, overrides the results of the in vitro clastogenicity studies. Taken together, it is the opinion of VKM that under the conditions studied, M44 should be considered as nongenotoxic. On the assessment of the relevance of the foetal malformations in M44 exposed animals VKMs Panel on Plant Protection products has assessed the arguments and new historical control data presented by the applicant, intended to show that metabolite M44 is not teratogenic. It is however the opinion of the Panel that the arguments and the new historical data provided by the applicant do not alter the panel’s previous conclusion; that the malformations observed in rabbits exposed to the metabolite M44 should be considered treatment related.
Authors
Torsten Källqvist May Sæthre Katrine Borgå Hubert Dirven Ole Martin Eklo Merete Grung Jan Ludvig Lyche Marit Låg Asbjørn Magne Nilsen Line Emilie SverdrupAbstract
Several commercial products, i.e. Macrolophus-System, Macrolophus-N-System and Macroline c, containing mirids as the active organism(s) belonging to the genus Macrolophus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), are registered in Norway. The area of application of these agents are for control of whiteflies in ornamentals, vegetables, spices, fruits and berries cultivated in greenhouses, tunnels and open fields. The current approval of these products was given in 2008. The active organism was at the time identified as Macrolophus caliginosus (syn. M. melanotoma), but recent clarification of the taxonomy has revealed that the correct identity is Macrolophus pygmaeus. The name has been changed accordingly in EPPO’s List of Biological Control Agents widely used in the EPPO region. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) has received applications to maintain the registration for the products with the revised species name Macrolophus pygmaeus. NFSA has requested VKM’s Panel for plant protection products for their opinion on the consequences of the new knowledge with respect to the active species in the products, as well as an assessment of risks to human health and the environment. Macrolophus caliginosus does not occur naturally in Norway, and a previous environmental risk assessment concluded that M. caliginosus represented a low environmental risk, due to a very low probability that this species could establish in Norway. Macrolophus pygmaeus on the other hand, is already established in Norway. VKM considers that dispersal/migration of M. pygmaeus into the surrounding environment when used for biological control in greenhouses, tunnels and open fields is very likely, and that such escapes (animals) are likely to become established in the environment. However, since the species is already present in Norway, VKM considers the probability for significant non-target environmental effects from commercial use and distribution of M. pygmaeus to be low. Regarding possible human health effects, VKM recognises that the species of Macrolophus previously available in commercial products in Norway and Europe has probably always been M. pygmaeus and, consequently, experience and documentation referring to commercial use of M. caliginosus should be considered valid for M. pygmaeus. The opinion of VKM is that the previous misidentification of the active species of Macrolophus does not have any implication on the health hazard of the products, as was concluded in 2007. Consequently VKM considers that the specified use of M. pygmaeus will involve a minimal health risk for users.
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Authors
John Marshall BrydenAbstract
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John Marshall BrydenAbstract
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John Marshall Bryden Stig Strandli GezeliusAbstract
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John Marshall BrydenAbstract
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John Marshall BrydenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
John Marshall BrydenAbstract
No abstract has been registered