Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2018
Authors
Isaiah Nyagumbo Mehreteab Tesfai Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Peter Setimela James K. Karanja Munyaradzi Mutenje Connie MademboAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Tor MykingAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Effects of mitigation measures in agriculture on abating eutrophication are difficult to evaluate by assessments of catchment monitoring data. Estimates of improved water quality by specific agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) are therefore often dependent on simulation modeling. A main objective was thus to assess the probable reductions in total phosphorus (TP) loading achieved by implemented agricultural mitigation measures. The case-study site was a catchment in southeastern Norway. Simulation modeling was conducted by use of The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The aim of this present study was to understand the model uncertainty associated both with calibration/validation (baseline) and TP loading scenarios based on BMP. The modeled decrease in TP loading by the set of implemented BMPs was assessed by comparing simulated baseline output with output where the set of abatement actions were removed. The model was set up for the years 2006–2010 and calibrated against observed monitoring data, including daily discharge, sediment- and TP fluxes. Model simulations were performed including and excluding the implemented set of mitigation measures. The simulated set of mitigation measures include decrease in amount of phosphorus fertilization, establishment of vegetated buffer strips along streams and constructed wetlands in the water courses, no autumn tilling and removal of point TP sources from scattered dwellings. Model calibration and uncertainty estimation are performed using an algorithm for Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI2; ver. 2). Probabilistic risk for given magnitudes of increased TP loading if existing BMPs were not implemented was assessed. Using this novel approach it was possible to state, with a 80th percentile confidence level, that the average annual TP loading would have been about 26% higher if no mitigation measures were implemented in the catchment. This was possible to assess even though the difference between baseline and BMP scenario was not significant.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Jiska Joanneke van Dijk Graciela Rusch Hilde Karine Wam Paul Eric Aspholm Even Bergseng Vegard GundersenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Torbjørn Ekrem Roberto Guidetti K. Ingemar Jönsson Łukasz Kaczmarek Terje Meier Elisabeth Stur Tommy Prestø Kristian Hassel Karstein Hårsaker Lasse Topstad Ivar GjerdeAbstract
Background: The knowledge of Norwegian tardigrades is poor and their diversity, distribution and ecology in Norwegian forests is unknown. This project aims to investigate tardigrade diversity associated with different types of substrates in forests in Norway, evaluate the impact of forestry management practices on tardigrade biodiversity for future conservation policies, and expand the DNA barcode library of Norwegian tardigrades. It will also use environmental barcoding of substrates to test the effectiveness of this method in documenting tardigrade diversity and distribution. Results: We collected three hundred bryophyte-, lichen- and leaf litter samples from various protected deciduous and coniferous forests in Norway in 2017. The vegetation in each sample was identified, mostly to species-level. Tardigrades were extracted from most bryophyte- and lichen samples, and some litter samples. Preliminary analyses show that there are differences in abundance and community composition between both forest- and substrate types. Litter samples show lower abundances than bryophyte and lichen samples, but a higher diversity than expected. Conclusions: Remaining samples still need to be processed, but our preliminary conclusion is that different substrates and forest types host different tardigrade communities. DNA-barcoding will be performed on single specimens of as many of the sampled species as possible and added to the Barcode of Life Data Systems database (BOLD). We expect that DNA metabarcoding of environmental samples from selected localities will record the same diversity as traditional extraction of specimens, but also add information on the presence of species that were undetected.
Authors
Anna Avetisyan Anush Panosyan Martina Paponov Ivan Paponov Inger Martinussen Kirsten Krause Zara Harutyunyan Irina Vardanian Andreas Melikyan Manvel Badalyan Tatevik Aloyan Alla Vardanyan Samvel Shoukourian Laura JaakolaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ramón Fernando Colmenares-Quintero Luis-Fernando Latorre-Noguera Juan-Carlos Colmenares-Quintero Janka DibdiakovaAbstract
The study carried out here aims to determine the advantage of using in-situ electricity generation facilities versus conventional generators, being evaluated from the environmental point of view. For this, an environmental analysis on the production of CO2 has been applied to two scenarios of electricity generation for a residential building in Medellin city (Colombia). The first one refers to La Sierra thermo-electric plant located in La Sierra, municipality of Puerto Nare, in the Antioquiashire, which is the most efficient plant in Colombian thermal generation. The second comparison scenario refers to the annual operation of a micro-cogeneration facility, which satisfies the building's hot water and electrical energy needs. Using the capabilities of the TRNSYS v17® energy simulation software and the emission equations available in the public domain, the comparative environmental analysis is carried out between one and the other for the same load. The losses in electric transmission are assumed to be 10%. This analysis has shown a difference of more than 50% in emissions generation, with the main cause being the amount of fuel used, which for both cases is natural gas. On the other hand, this study shows the environmental advantages in the use of in-situ generators, decreasing transmission losses.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered