Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2021
Authors
Radosav Cerović Milica Fotirić Akšić Milena Đorđević Mekjell MelandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as an organic nutrient solution (ONS) for hydroponic lettuce production. By using a previous developed method, approximately 80% of the processed sludge was reclaimed as a clear, nutrient-rich solution. The performance of the recovered nutrient solution on lettuce growth was assessed in a nutrient film hydroponic system. The results were compared to the results obtained using a conventional nutrient solution (CNS). Yield, fresh weight, water consumption, and nutrient and heavy metal content in leaf tissue were measured. In spite of a 16% lower average fresh weight obtained in ONS compared to the weight obtained in CNS, there was no statistical difference of the yield of lettuce among the two nutrient solutions. After the cultivation period, 90% of the lettuce heads grown in ONS exceeded the marked weight of 150 g. Foliar analysis revealed a similar or higher content of all nutrients, except of magnesium and molybdenum in the leaves of lettuce grown in the ONS compared to lettuce grown in the CNS. This study shows that nutrients recovered from aquacultural sludge can be utilized as fertilizer, thereby reducing the dependency on mineral fertilizer in hydroponic and aquaponic systems.
Authors
Caroline Chylinski Sokratis Ptochos Berit Marie Blomstrand Håvard Steinshamn Inga Marie Aasen Karl-christian Mahnert Stig Milan Thamsborg Spiridoula AthanasiadouAbstract
Subclinical parasite infections in livestock production have huge economic impact on the farming industry, leading to decreased animal welfare and reduction in meat, milk and wool production. The global spread of anthelmintic resistance has exacerbated the threat of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections to small ruminant health and production. Phytochemicals, such as condensed tannins (CT), have shown promising anthelmintic potential, and could complement other management practices to reduce anthelmintic use for parasite control. Conifer bark is a rich source of CT. Studies have shown that the content of CTs in Norway spruce and Scots pine varies, but on average they contain around 4% CTs. This study explored the anthelmintic activity of bark from Norwegian conifers over two seasons, extracted with three different solvents (water, acetone, methanol), against two sheep GIN, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colbriformis. Bark extracts were analysed to determine their total CT content and tested in vitro, with the aim to quantify their impact on egg hatching and L3 larval motility. Results show significant variation in efficacy of the extracts on egg hatching in a dose dependent manner. The CT content of the bark extracts were not always associated with LD50 values, indicating that other plant compounds may have additional anthelmintic effects. Preliminary results of the L3 larval motility test showed that incubation in the bark extracts had a smaller impact on this parasite stage at the concentrations tested. This research brings new insights into the potential anthelmintic activity of different phytochemicals and discusses the potential of bark extracts as a tool in the sustainable control of GIN in small ruminants.
Abstract
Water consumption along value chains of goods and services has increased globally and led to increased attention on water footprinting. Most global water consumption is accounted for by evaporation (E), which is connected via bridges of atmospheric moisture transport to other regions on Earth. However, the resultant source–receptor relationships between different drainage basins have not yet been considered in water footprinting. Based on a previously developed data set on the fate of land evaporation, we aim to close this gap by using comprehensive information on evaporation recycling in water footprinting for the first time. By considering both basin internal evaporation recycling (BIER; >5% in 2% of the world’s basins) and basin external evaporation recycling (BEER; >50% in 37% of the world’s basins), we were able to use three types of water inventories (basin internal, basin external, and transboundary inventories), which imply different evaluation perspectives in water footprinting. Drawing on recently developed impact assessment methods, we produced characterization models for assessing the impacts of blue and green water evaporation on blue water availability for all evaluation perspectives. The results show that the negative effects of evaporation in the originating basins are counteracted (and partly overcompensated) by the positive effects of reprecipitation in receiving basins. By aggregating them, combined net impacts can be determined. While we argue that these offset results should not be used as a standalone evaluation, the water footprint community should consider atmospheric moisture recycling in future standards and guidelines.
Authors
Qianwen Ding Zhen Zhang Yu Li Hongliang Liu Qiang Hao Yalin Yang Einar Ringø Rolf Erik Olsen Jihong Liu Clarke Chao Ran Zhigang ZhouAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Michal Sposob Radziah Wahid Keno FischerAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Klaus. R Westphal Simone Bachleitner Manja M. Severinsen Mathias L. Brundtø Frederik T. Hansen Trine Sørensen Rasmus D. Wollenberg Erik Lysøe Lena Studt Jens L. Sørensen Teis E. Sondergaard Reinhard WimmerAbstract
The plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum is known to produce a wide array of secondary metabolites during plant infection. This includes several nonribosomal peptides. Recently, the fusaoctaxin (NRPS5/9) and gramilin (NRPS8) gene clusters were shown to be induced by host interactions. To widen our understanding of this important pathogen, we investigated the involvement of the NRPS4 gene cluster during infection and oxidative and osmotic stress. Overexpression of NRPS4 led to the discovery of a new cyclic hexapeptide, fusahexin (1), with the amino acid sequence cyclo-(d-Ala-l-Leu-d-allo-Thr-l-Pro-d-Leu-l-Leu). The structural analyses revealed an unusual ether bond between a proline Cδ to Cβ of the preceding threonine resulting in an oxazine ring system. The comparative genomic analyses showed that the small gene cluster only encodes an ABC transporter in addition to the five-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Based on the structure of fusahexin and the domain architecture of NRPS4, we propose a biosynthetic model in which the terminal module is used to incorporate two leucine units. So far, iterative use of NRPS modules has primarily been described for siderophore synthetases, which makes NRPS4 a rare example of a fungal nonsiderophore NRPS with distinct iterative module usage.
Authors
Selamawit Araya Kidane Solveig Haukeland Beira H. Meressa Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide Danny L. CoyneAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ingunn Øvsthus Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Randi Seljåsen Hugh Riley Peter Dörsch Tor Arvid BrelandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered