Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2011
Abstract
Gene expression levels (PAL, CCR1, HCT1, and CAD for the phenylpropanoid pathway, PX3 peroxidase, and CHI4 class IV chitinase), lignin, and soluble and cell wall bound phenolic compounds in bark and sapwood of Picea sitchensis clones inoculated with Heterobasidion annosum s.s. were compared before and 3 days after wounding and artificial inoculation, at site of inoculation and 1 cm above the inoculation site. In bark all genes were up-regulated at the site of inoculation but, except for CAD, not in the distal zone. In sapwood all genes were down-regulated, except for PX3 and CHI4; PAL, CCR1, HCT1 and CAD were present at lower levels around the inoculation site than in the distal zone. Compared to wounding only, inoculation with H. annosum triggered different CAD, PX3, and CHI4 levels in bark but not in sapwood. Different concentrations of cell wall bound phenolic compounds (unknown2, unknown3, coniferin, astringin, taxifolin, piceid, and isorhapontin) were found in bark after wounding and inoculation compared to constitutive material (i.e. untreated samples), whereas in sapwood concentrations did not differ following treatment. These results indicate that bark of Sitka spruce has a stronger and earlier response to wounding and pathogen inoculation than sapwood.
Abstract
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Authors
May Bente Brurberg Abdelhameed Elameen Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Hermansen Ari Lehtinen Asko Hannukkala Bent Nielsen Jens Hansen Björn Andersson Jonoathan YuenAbstract
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Authors
Jan Bartoš Simen Rød Sandve Roland Kölliker David Kopecký Pavla Christelová Štěpán Stočes Liv Østrem Arild Larsen Andrzej Kilian Odd Arne Rognli Jaroslav DoleželAbstract
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Authors
Klaus Jürgens Jana Grote Thomas Schott Christian Guido Bruckner Frank Oliver Glöckner Hanno Teeling Günter Jost Matthias LabrenzAbstract
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Authors
Igor A. Yakovlev Ari M. Hietala Pierre-Emmanuel Courty Taina Lundell Jan Stenlid Halvor Solheim Carl Gunnar FossdalAbstract
In forest soils, saprotrophic, necrotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi are involved in carbon cycling. Heterobasidion annosum, white rot necrotrophic fungi, is known to decompose wood lignocellulose by secreting a broad range of oxidative enzymes. The genome H. annosum s.l. was sequenced by JGI to a 8.23X coverage and assembled into 39 scaffolds with a total size of 33.7 Mb covering more than 98% of the whole genome. Based on the genome sequence we have characterized gene families coding for enzymes known to participate in conversion of wood lignin: multicopper oxidases (MCOs, 18 genes) as laccases (Lcc), class II peroxidases (8 genes) as manganese peroxidases (MnP), glyoxal oxidases (5 genes, GLOX), quinone-reducing oxidoreductases (19 genes, QOR) and GMC oxidoreductases (12 genes) as aryl alcohol oxidases (AAO). We studied the genomic organisation and phylogeny of these genes as well as their expression using qRT-PCR. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of genes coding for enzymes involved in wood lignin conversion and decomposition (i.e. lignin-modifying class II peroxidases) reveal differences between white- and brown-rot, necrotrophic and saprotrophic wood-decaying basidiomycetes. Transcript profiling using qRT-PCR revealed that some transcripts were very abundant in lignin-rich media, in cellulose-rich media, in wood or in the free-living mycelium grown liquid culture, suggesting specific functions of these genes, which need to be studied further.
Abstract
The Norwegian landscape is changing as a result of forest regeneration within the cultural landscape, and forest expansion has impacts on accessibility, visibility, and landscape aesthetics, thereby affecting the country's tourism industry. This study aimed at identifying the potential areas of forest regeneration and anticipated subsequent landscape effects on different categories of tourist locations in southern Norway. Deforested areas with a potential for forest regeneration were identified from several map sources by GIS-analyses, and 180 tourist locations were randomly selected from the Norwegian national tourism database (Reiselivsbasen), and then buffered by 2 km radius for land cover classes. The findings revealed that approximately 15% of southern Norway has the climatic potential for future forest regeneration, in addition to 5% of cultivated land. Future forest regeneration will affect the landscapes surrounding the tourist locations of rural south Norway, and while the potential is nationwide, it is not uniformly distributed. Two important tourist landscape regions seem especially exposed to forest regeneration: the coastal heath region and the mountain landscapes. Large parts of these areas do not have sufficient numbers of domestic grazing animals necessary to maintain the present character of the landscape.