Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2011
Authors
Cecilie Marie Mejdell Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Therese Rehn Linda J Keeling Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Erlend Nybakk Anssi Niskanen Fahrudin Bajric Gabriel Duduman Diana Feliciano Krzysztof Jablonski Anders Lunnan Liana Sadauskiene Bill Slee Meelis TederAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
For tracer studies at the catchment scale, travel times are often assumed to be stationary. We question the validity of this assumption. We analyzed a series of tracer experiments conducted under exceptionally controlled conditions at Gårdsjön, Sweden. The Gårdsjön G1 catchment was covered by a roof underneath which natural throughfall has been replaced by artificial irrigation with a pre-defined chemical composition. This unique setup was used to perform replicated catchment scale Br tracer experiments under steady state storm flow conditions in five different years. A log-normal distribution function was fitted to all Br breakthrough curves. Fitted parameter values differed significantly for some of the experiments. These differences were not only related to the slightly different hydrologic boundary and initial conditions for the experiments, but also to seasonal changes in catchment properties that may explain the different flow paths during the experiments. We conclude that the travel time distribution is not only linked to discharge but also explicitly related to other water fluxes such as evapotranspiration, and that it is not stationary even under steady-state flow conditions. Since the attenuation of soluble pollutants is fundamentally linked to the travel times of water through the subsurface of a catchment, it is of crucial importance to understand the latter in detail. However, it is still unclear which are the dominant processes controlling their distribution.
Authors
Américo M.S. Carvalho Mendes Blaž Štefanek Diana Feliciano Diana Mizareite Dragan Nonic Emil Kitchoukov Erlend Nybakk Gabriel Duduman Gerhard Weiss Liviu Nichiforel Maria Stoyanova Pekka Mäkinen Rosário Alves Vojislav Milijic Zuzana SarvašováAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Américo M.S. Carvalho Mendes Bla tefanek Diana Feliciano Diana Mizaraite Dragan Nonic Emil Kitchoukov Erlend Nybakk Gabriel Duduman Gerhard Weiss Liviu Nichiforel Maria Stoyanova Pekka Mäkinen Rosário Alves Vojislav Milijic Zuzana SarvaováAbstract
The emergence and development of organizations of private forest owners in situations where they were not previously collectively organized is a relevant institutional innovation in forestry. This chapter looks at the factors that may have contributed to this institutional change in the following countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia. The conceptual framework used to present and discuss these country cases considers the following types of factors: (i) the structural changes in the social and economic environment of private forestry when forest owners\" organizations emerged, and the needs for collective action of private forest owners triggered by those changes; (ii) the factors contributing to cope with the \"free riding\" problems involved in collective action; (iii) the mechanisms leveraging the capacities of forest owners\" associations beyond the initial domain where they emerged and contributing to give them the \"critical mass\" needed for having substantial impact on forestry economic conditions; and (iv) the possible existence of \"path dependence\" phenomena, where the conditions prevailing when forest owners\" organizations emerged have a lasting influence throughout their lifetime. With different specifications according to the characteristics of each country, these four sets of factors appear to be useful as a common framework for organizing the explanation of how forest owners\" associations emerged and developed in the countries considered here.
Authors
Per Stålnacke Geoffrey Gooch Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Ingrid Nesheim Line Johanne Barkved Bruna Grizzetti Johannes Deelstra Håkon Thaulow Dag BergeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Frequent bark beetle outbreaks cause biome-scale impacts in boreal and temperate forests worldwide. Despite frequent interceptions at ports of entry, the most aggressive bark beetle species of Ips and Dendroctonus in North America and Eurasia have failed to establish outside their original home continents. Our experiments showed that Ips typographus can breed in six North American spruce species: Engelmann spruce, white spruce¸ Sitka spruce, Lutz spruce, black spruce and red spruce. This suggests that differences between the Eurasian historical host and North American spruce species are not an insurmountable barrier to establishment of this tree-killing species in North America. However, slightly diminished quality of offspring beetles emerged from the North American spruces could reduce the chance of establishment through an Allee effect. The probabilistic nature of invasion dynamics suggests that successful establishments can occur when the import practice allows frequent arrivals of non-indigenous bark beetles (increased propagule load). Model simulations of hypothetical interactions of Dendroctonus rufipennis and I. typographus indicated that inter-species facilitations could result in more frequent and severe outbreaks than those caused by I. typographus alone. The potential effects of such new dynamics on coniferous ecosystems may be dramatic and extensive, including major shifts in forest structure and species composition, increased carbon emissions and stream flow, direct and indirect impacts on wildlife and invertebrate communities, and loss of biodiversity.
Authors
Liv Jorunn HindAbstract
From February 2010 to March 2011, this preliminary project was dedicated to initiate partners from Norway, Iceland and Greenland to design and develop a proposal for a main project. NORA and Nordland fylkeskommune was financial partners in this preliminary project. The application for the main project was submitted to NORA by March 1st 2011.
Editors
Stig A. BorgvangAbstract
No abstract has been registered