Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2023
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Thomas Solvin Inger Sundheim Fløistad Gunnar Friis Proschowsky Torben Leisgaard Tiina Ylioja Marko Tynkkynen Brynjar Skúlason Hallur S. Björgvinsson Espen Stokke Marte Friberg Myhre Ellinor Edvardsson Claes UgglaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Jennifer James Chedly Kastally Katharina B. Budde Santiago C. González-Martínez Pascal Milesi Tanja Pyhäjärvi Martin Lascoux Paraskevi Alizoti Ricardo Alía Olivier Ambrosio Filippos A Aravanopoulos Georg Von Arx Albet Audrey Francisco Auñón Camilla Avanzi Evangelia Avramidou Francesca Bagnoli Marko Bajc Eduardo Ballesteros Evangelos Barbas José M García Del Barrio Cristina C Bastias Catherine Bastien Giorgia Beffa Raquel Benavides Vanina Benoit Frédéric Bernier Henri Bignalet Guillaume Bodineau Damien Bouic Sabine Brodbeck William Brunetto Jurata Buchovska Corinne Buret Melanie Buy Ana M Cabanillas-Saldaña Bárbara Carvalho Stephen Cavers Fernando Del Caño Sandra Cervantes Nicolas Cheval José M Climent Marianne Correard Eva Cremer Darius Danusevičius Benjamin Dauphin Jean-Luc Denou Bernard Dokhelar Alexis Ducousso Bruno Fady Patricia Faivre-Rampant Anna-Maria Farsakoglou Patrick Fonti Ioannis Ganopoulos Olivier Gilg Nicolas De Girardi René Graf Alan Gray Delphine Grivet Felix Gugerli Christoph Hartleitner Katrin Heer Enja Hollenbach Agathe Hurel Bernard Issenhuth Florence Jean Véronique Jorge Arnaud Jouineau Jan-Philipp Kappner Robert Kesälahti Florian Knutzen Sonja T Kujala Timo A Kumpula Katri Kärkkäinen Mariaceleste Labriola Celine Lalanne Johannes Lambertz Gregoire Le-Provost Vincent Lejeune Isabelle Lesur-Kupin Joseph Levillain Mirko Liesebach David López-Quiroga Ermioni Malliarou Jérémy Marchon Nicolas Mariotte Antonio Mas Silvia Matesanz Benjamin Meier Helge Meischner Célia Michotey Sandro Morganti Tor Myking Daniel Nievergelt Anne Eskild Nilsen Eduardo Notivol Dario Isidro Ojeda Alayon Sanna Olsson Lars Opgenoorth Geir Østreng Birte Pakull Annika Perry Sara Pinosio Andrea Piotti Christophe Plomion Nicolas Poinot Mehdi Pringarbe Luc Puzos Annie Raffin José A Ramírez-Valiente Christian Rellstab Dourthe Remi Oliver Reutimann Sebastian Richter Juan J Robledo-Arnuncio Odile Rogier Elisabet Martínez Sancho Outi Savolainen Simone Scalabrin Volker Schneck Silvio Schueler Ivan Scotti Sergio San Segundo Vladimir Semerikov Lenka Slámová Ilaria Spanu Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Jean Thevenet Mari Mette Tollefsrud Norbert Turion Fernando Valladares Giovanni G. Vendramin Marc Villar Marjana Westergren Johan WestinAbstract
New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.
Abstract
Field trials with Norway spruce seedlings from 84 full-sib families from a factorial cross in Opsahl Seed Orchard and 11 provenances were planted at eight sites between altitudes between 600 and 900 m in Oppland County in Norway. Measurements of tree heights and assessments of stem and branch defects were made at regular intervals until 34 years from seed. Data from measurements made in nursery trials and from artificial freezing trials were also available. The families from the seed orchard had on average 12 % better height growth than the provenances. For volume growth per hectare, measured in two of the trials 30 years after planting, the families had a superiority of more than 30 %. A large variation among families was present for height growth and additive genetic variation was the main genetic factor. For the maternal half-sib families, the ranking of families for height was stable after 15 years from seed, and the five best families selected for height at that age were at age 34 years 6 % taller and produced 13 % more volume per hectare compared with the mean of all families. Weak relationships were present between traits measured in the nursery trial, the freezing test and the field trials. Assessments were made of cone production at age 20 years after planting and showed variation among families for the frequency of trees with cones.
Abstract
Artificial freezing tests were performed on seedlings from Norway spruce families at the end of the first growing season. Similar tests were made on twigs collected from trees in a progeny test at the end of growing season nine. The 26 families in the early test were included in the short-term progeny test with 100 full-sib families from a 10 x 10 factorial cross. All families were also planted in seven field trials in Norway, Sweden and Finland, from which data on mortality, tree heights and stem damage at age 10 years are available. Significant difference was found among families for freezing test injuries on whole intact seedlings at the end of the first growing season and for lethal temperature of needles on detached twigs collected at the end of growing season nine. However, no relationships were found between the freezing test scores of families in the two types of tests or few between these scores and the traits measured in the short-term and field trials. The results show that frost hardiness testing of families at a young age, grown under artificial temperature and light conditions in nursery, is a weak predictor of their performance under natural conditions in field at older ages.
Authors
Jørgen E. Olesen Robert M. Rees Sylvie Recous Marina Azzaroli Bleken Diego Abalos Ishita Ahuja Klaus Butterbach-Bahl Marco Carozzi Chiara De Notaris Maria Ernfors Edwin Haas Sissel Hansen Baldur Janz Gwenaëlle Lashermes Raia S. Massad Søren O. Petersen Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl Clemens Scheer Kate E. Smith Pascal Thiébeau Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi Rachel E. Thorman Cairistiona F. E. ToppAbstract
Crop residues are important inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to soils and thus directly and indirectly affect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. As the current inventory methodology considers N inputs by crop residues as the sole determining factor for N2O emissions, it fails to consider other underlying factors and processes. There is compelling evidence that emissions vary greatly between residues with different biochemical and physical characteristics, with the concentrations of mineralizable N and decomposable C in the residue biomass both enhancing the soil N2O production potential. High concentrations of these components are associated with immature residues (e.g., cover crops, grass, legumes, and vegetables) as opposed to mature residues (e.g., straw). A more accurate estimation of the short-term (months) effects of the crop residues on N2O could involve distinguishing mature and immature crop residues with distinctly different emission factors. The medium-term (years) and long-term (decades) effects relate to the effects of residue management on soil N fertility and soil physical and chemical properties, considering that these are affected by local climatic and soil conditions as well as land use and management. More targeted mitigation efforts for N2O emissions, after addition of crop residues to the soil, are urgently needed and require an improved methodology for emission accounting. This work needs to be underpinned by research to (1) develop and validate N2O emission factors for mature and immature crop residues, (2) assess emissions from belowground residues of terminated crops, (3) improve activity data on management of different residue types, in particular immature residues, and (4) evaluate long-term effects of residue addition on N2O emissions.
Authors
Arne SteffenremAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Forest tree breeding must undergo significant revisions to adapt to the evolving challenges posed by climate change. Addressing the shifts in environmental conditions requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach that includes theoretical work and practical application. Specifically, there is a need to focus on developing new breeding strategies that are theoretically sound and practically feasible, considering the economic constraints of actual tree breeding programs. We present a novel concept utilizing genetic evaluation of multiple traits in forest stands of successive ages across wide ecological ranges. Incorporating genomics allows for detailed genetic evaluation, making use of high-density SNP markers and sophisticated algorithms like GBLUP for genetic parameter estimates. High-throughput phenotyping is conducted using drone-borne lidar technology to capture tree height and survival data across various forest stands. Assisted migration is considered to strategically position genotypes across predicted environmental climatic gradients, thereby accommodating the dynamic nature of ecological shifts. Mathematical optimization acts as an essential component for logistics, guiding the spatial allocation and timely substitution of genotypes to ensure a continually adaptive breeding program. The concept replaces distinct breeding cycles with continuous evaluation and selection, enhancing the rate of genetic response over time.
Authors
Barbara Mariotti Juan A. Oliet Enrique Andivia Marianthi Tsakaldimi Pedro Villar-Salvador Vladan Ivetić Antonio Montagnoli Ivona Kerkez Janković Nebi Bilir Henrik Bohlenius Branislav Cvjetković Kārlis Dūmiņš Juha Heiskanen Georgi Hinkov Inger Sundheim Fløistad Claudia CocozzaAbstract
Purpose of Review The demand for forest tree seedlings is increasing globally, and Sphagnum peat moss is widely used as a component of growing media for container plant production. However, peat extraction is environmentally unsustainable. The forest nursery sector needs to switch to more sustainable alternatives to peat. This review aims to identify potential substitutes for peat by reviewing the worldwide literature on alternative materials for growing media in forest nurseries. Recent Findings Most studies on alternative growing media focused on single plant species growing under local conditions, thereby limiting generalizations about the effectiveness of alternative materials for plant production. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews of scientific literature on the effectiveness of new, alternative-to-peat materials for enhancing plant growth and the associated growing media characteristics for the forest nursery sector are currently available. Summary Most of the analyzed case studies focused on angiosperms (73.1%), with the majority of studies coming from tropical seasonal forests/savannas (36.5%), followed by woodlands/shrublands (31.6%), and temperate forests (15.0%) biomes. Compost was the most studied material (19.5%), followed by bark, other organic materials, and manure (9.8, 9.7, and 8.0%, respectively). Green and municipal wastes were the principal sources of compost (> 60%), while agriculture and green wastes were the first sources of other materials (> 90%). Tested materials were dependent on the geographic region. Thus, manure was the most tested material in Africa and South America, tree bark in North America, and compost in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Alternative materials effectively provided optimal physicochemical characteristics of growing media and enhanced seedling nursery growth when compared with peat-based growing media in more than 60% of the case studies. This review helps to identify research gaps and, most importantly, provides the basis for the future application of alternative growing media materials in forest nursery management worldwide.
Authors
Milan Mataruga Branislav Cvjetković Bart De Cuyper Ina Aneva Petar Zhelev Pavel Cudlín Marek Metslaid Ville Kankaanhuhta Catherine Collet Peter Annighöfer Thomas Mathes Tsakaldimi Marianthi Paitaridou Despoina Rakel J. Jónsdóttir Maria Cristina Monteverdi Giovanbattista de Dato Barbara Mariotti Dana Dina Kolevska Jelena Lazarević Inger Sundheim Fløistad Marcin Klisz Wojciech Gil Vasco Paiva Teresa Fonseca Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu Vladan Popović Jovana Devetaković Ivan Repáč Gregor Božič Hojka Kraigher Enrique Andivia Julio J. Diez Henrik Böhlenius Magnus Löf Nebi Bilir Pedro Villar-SalvadorAbstract
The relationship between the quality of forest seedlings and their outplanting survival and growth has long been recognized. Various attributes have been proposed to measure the quality of planted seedlings in forest regeneration projects, ranging from simple morphological traits to more complex physiological and performance attributes, or a combination thereof. However, the utility and meaning of seedling quality attributes can differ significantly among regions, nursery practices, site planting conditions, species and the establishment purpose. Here, forest scientists compiled information using a common agreed questionnaire to provide a review of current practices, experiences, legislation and standards for seedling quality across 23 European countries. Large differences exist in measuring seedling quality across countries. The control of the origin of seed and vegetative material (genetic component of plant quality), and control of pests and diseases are common practices in all countries. Morphological attributes are widely used and mandatory in most cases. However, physiological attributes are hardly used at the operative level and mainly concentrated to Fennoscandia. Quality control legislation and seedling quality standards are less strict in northern European countries where seedling production is high, and quality control relies more on the agreements between producers and local plant material users. In contrast, quality standards are stricter in Southern Europe, especially in the Mediterranean countries. The control of seedling quality based on plantation and reforestation success is uncommon and depends on the conditions of the planting site, the traditional practices and the financial support provided by each country. Overall, European countries do not apply the “target seedling concept” for seedling production except for seed origin. Seedling production in many countries is still driven by traditional “know-how” and much less by scientific knowledge progress, which is not adequately disseminated and transferred to the end-users. Our review highlights the need for greater harmonization of seedling quality practices across Europe and the increased dissemination of scientific knowledge to improve seedling quality in forest regeneration activities.