Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Authors
Priyanka Trivedi Katja Karppinen Linards Klavins Jorens Kviesis Petri Sundqvist Nga Nguyen Esa Heinonen Maris Klavins Laura Jaakola Juha Väänänen Janne Remes Hely HäggmanAbstract
Aerial surfaces of plants are covered by a waxy cuticle protecting plants from excessive water loss and UV light. In the present study, composition and morphology of cuticular waxes of northern wild berry species bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea L.), bog bilberry (V. uliginosum L.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences in epicuticular wax morphology, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis confirmed variation in chemical composition of cuticular waxes between the berry species. The dominant compounds in bilberry and lingonberry cuticular waxes were triterpenoids, while fatty acids and alkanes were the dominant ones in bog bilberry and crowberry, respectively. Wax extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from industrial press cakes of bilberry and lingonberry contained linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid as the dominant compounds. Furthermore, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of berry waxes depicted good UV-B absorbing capacities.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marit Almvik Nina Elisabeth Nagy Hans Ragnar Norli Ari Hietala Sven R. Odenmarck Monica Fongen Anas KamlehAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The continuous increase in global population and living standards, is leading to an increase in demand for food and feed resources. The world’s oceans have the largest unlocked potential for meeting such demands. Norway already has an extensive aquaculture industry, but still has great ambitions and possibilities to develop and expand this industry. One of the important topics for improving the value chain of Norwegian aquaculture is to secure the access to feed resources and to improve the environmental impacts. Today, most of the feed-protein sources used in aquaculture are imported in the form of soy protein. The research project Energy efficient PROcessing of MACroalgae in blue-green value chains (PROMAC) aimed, among other research questions, to investigate cultivated seaweeds as a potential raw material for fish feed. This paper assesses Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)-perspectives of scenarios for future seaweed production of feed-protein for fish and compares this with today’s situation of imported soy protein for fish feed. The insights from the LCA are very important for the configuration of the entire production value chain, to ensure that the environmental aspects are taken into account in a holistic fashion.
Authors
Pablo González-Moreno Lorenzo Lazzaro Montserrat Vilà Cristina Preda Tim Adriaens Sven Bacher Giuseppe Brundu Gordon H. Copp Franz Essl Emili Garcia-Berthou Stelios Katsanevakis Toril Loennechen Moen Frances E. Lucy Wolfgang Nentwig Helen E. Roy Greta Srėbalienė Venche Talgø Sonia Vanderhoeven Ana Andjelković Kęstutis Arbačiauskas Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg Mi-Jung Bae Michel Bariche Pieter Boets Mário Boieiro Paulo Alexandre Borges João Canning-Clode Frederico Cardigos Niki Chartosia Elizabeth Joanne Cottier-Cook Fabio Crocetta Bram D'hondt Bruno Foggi Swen Follak Belinda Gallardo Øivind Gammelmo Sylvaine Giakoumi Claudia Giuliani Guillaume Fried Lucija Šerić Jelaska Jonathan M. Jeschke Miquel Jover Alejandro Juárez-Escario Stefanos Kalogirou Aleksandra Kočić Eleni Kytinou Ciaran Laverty Vanessa Lozano Alberto Maceda-Veiga Elizabete Marchante Hélia Marchante Angeliki F. Martinou Sandro Meyer Dan Michin Ana Montero-Castaño Maria Cristina Morais Carmen Morales-Rodriguez Nadia Muhthassim Zoltán Á. Nagy Nikica Ogris Huseyin Onen Jan Pergl Riikka Puntila Wolfgang Rabitsch Triya Tessa Ramburn Carla Rego Fabian Reichenbach Carmen Romeralo Wolf-Christian Saul Gritta Schrader Rory Sheehan Predrag Simonović Marius Skolka António Onofre Soares Leif Sundheim Ali Serhan Tarkan Rumen Tomov Elena Tricarico Konstantinos Tsiamis Ahmet Uludağ Johan van Valkenburg Hugo Verreycken Anna Maria Vettraino Lluís Vilar Øystein Wiig Johanna Witzell Andrea Zanetta Marc KenisAbstract
Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Christophe Moni Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Bruce A. Kimball Erling Fjelldal Marius Brenden Ingunn Burud Andreas Svarstad Flø Daniel RasseAbstract
Background: Global warming is going to affect both agricultural production and carbon storage in soil worldwide. Given the complexity of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, in situ experiments of climate warming are necessary to predict responses of plants and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from soils. Arrays of infrared (IR) heaters have been successfully applied in temperate and tropical agro-ecosystems to produce uniform and large increases in canopy surface temperature across research plots. Because this method had not yet been tested in the Arctic where consequences of global warming on GHG emission are expected to be largest, the objective of this work was to test hexagonal arrays of IR heaters to simulate a homogenous 3 °C warming of the surface, i.e. canopy and visible bare soil, of five 10.5-m2 plots in an Arctic meadow of northern Norway. Results: Our results show that the IR warming setup was able to simulate quite accurately the target + 3 °C, thereby enabling us to simulate the extension of the growing season. Meadow yield increased under warming but only through the lengthening of the growing season. Our research also suggests that, when investigating agricultural systems on the Arctic, it is important to start the warming after the vegetation is established,. Indeed, differential emergence of meadow plants impaired the homogeneity of the warming with patches of bare soil being up to 9.5 °C warmer than patches of vegetation. This created a pattern of soil crusting, which further induced spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation. However, in the Arctic these conditions are rather rare as the soil exposed by snow melt is often covered by a layer of senescent vegetation which shelters the soil from direct radiation. Conclusions: Consistent continuous warming can be obtained on average with IR systems in an Arctic meadow, but homogenous spatial distribution requires that the warming must start after canopy closure.
Authors
Tao Zhao Suresh Ganji Christian Schiebe Björn Bohman Philip Weinstein Paal Krokene Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson C. Rikard UneliusAbstract
Convergent evolution of semiochemical use in organisms from different Kingdoms is a rarely described phenomenon. Tree-killing bark beetles vector numerous symbiotic blue-stain fungi that help the beetles colonize healthy trees. Here we show for the first time that some of these fungi are able to biosynthesize bicyclic ketals that are pheromones and other semiochemicals of bark beetles. Volatile emissions of five common bark beetle symbionts were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. When grown on fresh Norway spruce bark the fungi emitted three well-known bark beetle aggregation pheromones and semiochemicals (exo-brevicomin, endo-brevicomin and trans-conophthorin) and two structurally related semiochemical candidates (exo-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and endo-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) that elicited electroantennogram responses in the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. When grown on malt agar with 13C D-Glucose, the fungus Grosmannia europhioides incorporated 13C into exo-brevicomin and trans-conophthorin. The enantiomeric compositions of the fungus-produced ketals closely matched those previously reported from bark beetles. The production of structurally complex bark beetle pheromones by symbiotic fungi indicates cross-kingdom convergent evolution of signal use in this system. This signaling is susceptible to disruption, providing potential new targets for pest control in conifer forests and plantations.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered