Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Martino Malerba Peter I. Macreadie Ika Djukic Junbin Zhao Erica B. Young Paul H. York Shin-Cheng Yeh Yanmei Xiong Gidon Winters Eilat Campus Danielle Whitlock Carolyn A. Weaver Anne Watson Inger Visby Jacek Tylkowski Allison Trethowan Scott Tiegs Ben Taylor Jozef Szpikowski Grazyna Szpikowska Victoria L. Strickland Normunds Stivrins Ana I. Sousa Sutinee Sinutok Whitney A. Scheffel Rui Santos Jonathan Sanderman Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza Krzysztof G. Rymer Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernandez Bjorn J. M. Robroek Tessa Roberts Aurora M. Ricart Laura K. Reynolds Grzegorz Rachlewicz Anchana Prathep Andrew J. Pinsonneault Elise Pendall Richard J. Payne Ilze Ozola Cody Onufrock Anne Ola Steven F. Oberbauer Aroloye O. Numbere Alyssa B. Novak Joanna Norkko Alf Norkko Thomas J. Mozdzer Pam Morgan Diana I. Montemayor Charles W. Martin Sparkle L. Malone Maciej Major Mikolaj Majewski Carolyn J. Lundquist Catherine E. Lovelock Songlin Liu Hsing-Juh Lin Ana Lillebo Jinquan Li John S. Kominoski Anzar Ahmad Khuroo Jeffrey J. Kelleway Kristin I. Jinks Daniel Jerónimo Christopher Janousek Emma L. Jackson Oscar Iribarne Torrance Hanley Maroof Hamid Arjun Gupta Rafael D. Guariento Ieva Grudzinska Anderson da Rocha Gripp María A. González Sagrario Laura M. Garrison Karine Gagnon Esperança Gacia Marco Fusi Lachlan Farrington Jenny Farmer Francisco de Assis Esteves Mauricio Escapa Monika Domańska André T. C. Dias Carmen B. de los Santos Daniele Daffonchio Pawel M. Czyryca Rod M. Connolly Alexander Cobb Maria Chudzińska Bart Christiaen Peter Chifflard Sara Castelar Luciana S. Carneiro José Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano Megan Camden Adriano Caliman Richard H. Bulmer Jennifer Bowen Christoffer Boström Susana Bernal John A. Berges Juan C. Benavides Savanna C. Barry Juha M. Alatalo Alia N. Al-Haj Maria Fernanda AdameAbstract
Patchy global data on belowground litter decomposition dynamics limit our capacity to discern the drivers of carbon preservation and storage across inland and coastal wetlands. We performed a global, multiyear study in over 180 wetlands across 28 countries and 8 macroclimates using standardized litter as measures of “recalcitrant” (rooibos tea) and “labile” (green tea) organic matter (OM) decomposition. Freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes had the highest tea mass remaining, indicating a greater potential for carbon preservation in these ecosystems. Recalcitrant OM decomposition increased with elevated temperatures throughout the decay period, e.g., increase from 10 to 20 °C corresponded to a 1.46-fold increase in the recalcitrant OM decay rate constant. The effect of elevated temperature on labile OM breakdown was ecosystem-dependent, with tidally influenced wetlands showing limited effects of temperature compared with freshwater wetlands. Based on climatic projections, by 2050 wetland decay constants will increase by 1.8% for labile and 3.1% for recalcitrant OM. Our study highlights the potential for reduction in belowground OM in coastal and inland wetlands under increased warming, but the extent and direction of this effect at a large scale is dependent on ecosystem and OM characteristics. Understanding local versus global drivers is necessary to resolve ecosystem influences on carbon preservation in wetlands.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Authors: Franić, I, S Prospero, KA, EA, FA, MAA-R, SA, DA, WB, MB, KB, AB, PB, HB, TB, MB Brurberg, TB, DB, MC, JC, DC, GC, K, KD, MdeG, JD, HTDL, RD, JE, ME, CBE, RF, JF, NF, ÁF-M, MG, BG, MH, LH, MKH, MH, MJJ, MK, MK, NK, MK, VK, NL, MVL, JL, ML, HL, CLM, CM, DM, IM, TM, JM, DM, CN, RO'H, FO, TP, TP, BP, HR, JR, AR, AR, BR, KS, CS, V Talgø, МТ, AU, MU, AMV, CV, YW, JW, MZ, R Eschen. Abstract: Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are expected to disrupt the relationships between trees and the organisms associated with them, thereby impacting forest health. In order to comprehend and anticipate these changes, it is crucial to identify the factors that shape tree-associated communities. We collected and analysed insects and fungi obtained from dormant twigs of 155 tree species across 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries on six continents. Fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. Insects were first reared and then sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were then grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. By employing generalized dissimilarity models, we assessed the relative significance of various climatic, host-related, and geographic factors in driving dissimilarities among tree-associated communities. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree- associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 amplicon sequence variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. Mean annual temperature, the phylogenetic distance between hosts, and the geographic distance between locations were the primary determinants of dissimilarities. The increasing influence of high temperatures on community differences suggests that climate change could directly and indirectly impact tree-associated organisms through shifts in host ranges. Furthermore, insect and fungal communities exhibited greater similarity among closely related hosts compared to distantly related hosts, implying that expansion of host ranges could facilitate the emergence of new pests. Additionally, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance, suggesting that human-mediated transportation could lead to the introduction of new pests. These study results underscore the importance of limiting the introduction and establishment of tree pests and enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems in response to climate change.
Authors
Anita SønstebyAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Forests, especially in the northern latitudes, are vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, and tree-ring data offer insights into growth-climate relationships as an important effect. Using the National Forest Inventory plot network, we analysed these correlations for the two dominant conifer species in Norway – Norway spruce and Scots pine – for the 1960–2020 period. For both species, the June climate was an important driver of radial growth during this period. Countrywide, the climate-growth correlations divided the Norwegian forests into spatial clusters following a broad shift from temperature- to water-sensitivity of growth with latitude and altitude. The clusters were delineated by a mean 1960–2020 June temperature of ca. 12°C for Norway spruce and Scots pine. The annual mean growing season and July temperatures – but not June temperature – has increased by 1.0 °C between the 1960–1990 and 1990–2020 periods, with a slight increase in precipitation. Despite this warming and wetting trend, the long-term growth-climate relationship has remained relatively stable between 1960 and 1990 and 1990–2020 for both species. The threshold between temperature and water-sensitive growth has not changed in the last two 31-year periods, following the stability of the June temperature compared with other months during the growing season. These findings highlight geographically coherent regions in Norway, segregating between temperature- and water-sensitive radial growth for the two major conifer species, temporally stable in the long-term for the 1960–2020 period studied.
Authors
Yilai Lou Liangshan Feng Wen Xing Ning Hu Elke Noellemeyer Edith Le Cadre Kazunori Minamikawa Pardon Muchaonyerwa Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman Erika Flavia Machado Pinheiro Wim de Vries Jian Liu Scott Chang Jizhong Zhou Zhanxiang Sun Weiping Hao Xurong MeiAbstract
Agriculture, broadly defined to include crop and livestock production, forestry, aquaculture and fishery, represents a key source or sink of greenhouse gas emissions. It is also a vulnerable sector under climate change. The term climate-smart agriculture has been widely used since its inception in 2010, but no clear and unified understanding of its scientific meaning exists. Here, we systematically analyzed the relationship between agriculture and climate change and interpreted the scientific definition of climate-smart agriculture. We believe that climate smart agriculture represents a modern production approach to coordinatively promote food security, climate mitigation benefits and agricultural adaptation to climate change towards the Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, due to the worsening global climate change situation, we expounded on the urgency and major challenges in promoting climate-smart agriculture.
Authors
Adam Kristensson Paul Miller Holger Lange Thomas Holst Jaana Bäck Pontus Roldin Natascha Kljun Anne Klosterhalfen Anders Ahlström Thomas A. Pugh Liesbet Vranken Mark Rounsevell Svein Solberg James AtkinsonAbstract
Forests are a key plank of European policies to mitigate and adapt to climate change and to promote biodiversity. These policies are starting to become more nuanced with respect to the account of their impacts on carbon storage, considering the effect of long-lived wood products and value of conserving old-growth forests, along with indirect land-use change impacts. However, a CO2-focused perspective means that many processes are still omitted for the quantification of the true extent of climate effects. Emissions of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane, short-lived climate forcers and effects from albedo changes and heat fluxes are also relevant. These processes are interconnected and influence the climate mitigation of forests in a complex way and need to be considered. The CLImate Mitigation and Bioeconomy pathways for sustainable FORESTry (CLIMB-FOREST) Horizon Europe project that runs until 2027 uses a holistic approach to estimate the climate impacts of various management alternatives. The foundation of CLIMB-FOREST is the use of European-wide empirical data, as well as an advanced coupled vegetation and earth-system modelling framework that includes biodiversity indicators and the interaction of forestry stakeholders in a global trade system. This framework is used to model management, forest tree species and climate on short- to long-term in Europe. We present first results of the climate effects and ecosystem functioning for a range of management alternatives in boreal, temperate, and Mediterranean forests. For example, introducing broadleaved trees in a coniferous forest promotes resilience and increased cooling from higher solar light scattering and latent heat flux of broadleaved trees. On the other hand, higher evapotranspiration might lead to an accelerated soil moisture depletion and reduced monoterpene emissions. The latter would have a warming effect because terpenes produce atmospheric particles, which are effective cooling agents through their involvement in cloud formation. Consequently, understanding these complex climate effects is key for appropriate climate-smart-forestry policies and approaches. The main outcomes and impacts of CLIMB-FOREST are to suggest alternative pathways for the forest sector to mitigate climate change in entire Europe, create attitude change in the policymaking process and influence foresters to adopt to new forest management strategies.
Abstract
Climate change is already reducing carbon sequestration in Central European forests dramatically through extensive droughts and bark beetle outbreaks. Further warming may threaten the enormous carbon reservoirs in the boreal forests in northern Europe unless disturbance risks can be reduced by adaptive forest management. The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is a major natural disturbance agent in spruce-dominated forests and can overwhelm the defences of healthy trees through pheromone-coordinated mass-attacks. We used an extensive dataset of bark beetle trap counts to quantify how climatic and management-related factors influence bark beetle population sizes in boreal forests. Trap data were collected during a period without outbreaks and can thus identify mechanisms that drive populations towards outbreak thresholds. The most significant predictors of bark beetle population size were the volume of mature spruce, the extent of newly exposed clearcut edges, temperature and soil moisture. For clearcut edge, temperature and soil moisture, a 3-year time lag produced the best model fit. We demonstrate how a model incorporating the most significant predictors, with a time lag, can be a useful management tool by allowing spatial prediction of future beetle population sizes. Synthesis and Applications: Some of the population drivers identified here, i,e., spruce volume and clearcut edges, can be targeted by adaptive management measures to reduce the risk of future bark beetle outbreaks. Implementing such measures may help preserve future carbon sequestration of European boreal forests.
Authors
Markus A. K. Sydenham Yoko L. Dupont Anders Nielsen Jens M. Olesen Henning Bang Madsen Astrid Brekke Skrindo Claus Rasmussen Megan Sara Nowell Zander Venter Stein Joar Hegland Anders Gunnar Helle Daniel Ingvar Jeuderan Skoog Marianne Strand Torvanger Kaj-Andreas Hanevik Sven Emil Hinderaker Thorstein Paulsen Katrine Eldegard Trond Reitan Graciela Monica RuschAbstract
Climate change, landscape homogenization, and the decline of beneficial insects threaten pollination services to wild plants and crops. Understanding how pollination potential (i.e. the capacity of ecosystems to support pollination of plants) is affected by climate change and landscape homogenization is fundamental for our ability to predict how such anthropogenic stressors affect plant biodiversity. Models of pollinator potential are improved when based on pairwise plant–pollinator interactions and pollinator's plant preferences. However, whether the sum of predicted pairwise interactions with a plant within a habitat (a proxy for pollination potential) relates to pollen deposition on flowering plants has not yet been investigated. We sampled plant–bee interactions in 68 Scandinavian plant communities in landscapes of varying land-cover heterogeneity along a latitudinal temperature gradient of 4–8°C, and estimated pollen deposition as the number of pollen grains on flowers of the bee-pollinated plants Lotus corniculatus and Vicia cracca. We show that plant–bee interactions, and the pollination potential for these bee-pollinated plants increase with landscape diversity, annual mean temperature, and plant abundance, and decrease with distances to sand-dominated soils. Furthermore, the pollen deposition in flowers increased with the predicted pollination potential, which was driven by landscape diversity and plant abundance. Our study illustrates that the pollination potential, and thus pollen deposition, for wild plants can be mapped based on spatial models of plant–bee interactions that incorporate pollinator-specific plant preferences. Maps of pollination potential can be used to guide conservation and restoration planning.