Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2023
Authors
Paal KrokeneAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Shelemia Nyamuryekung'e Andrew Cox Andres Perea Richard Estell Andres F. Cibils John P. Holland Tony Waterhouse Glenn Duff Micah Funk Matthew M. McIntosh Sheri Spiegal Brandon Bestelmeyer Santiago UtsumiAbstract
Virtual fencing systems have emerged as a promising technology for managing the distribution of livestock in extensive grazing environments. This study provides comprehensive documentation of the learning process involving two conditional behavioral mechanisms and the documentation of efficient, effective, and safe animal training for virtual fence applications on nursing Brangus cows. Two hypotheses were examined: (1) animals would learn to avoid restricted zones by increasing their use of containment zones within a virtual fence polygon, and (2) animals would progressively receive fewer audio-electric cues over time and increasingly rely on auditory cues for behavioral modification. Data from GPS coordinates, behavioral metrics derived from the collar data, and cueing events were analyzed to evaluate these hypotheses. The results supported hypothesis 1, revealing that virtual fence activation significantly increased the time spent in containment zones and reduced time in restricted zones compared to when the virtual fence was deactivated. Concurrently, behavioral metrics mirrored these findings, with cows adjusting their daily travel distances, exploration area, and cumulative activity counts in response to the allocation of areas with different virtual fence configurations. Hypothesis 2 was also supported by the results, with a decrease in cueing events over time and increased reliance with animals on audio cueing to avert receiving the mild electric pulse. These outcomes underscore the rapid learning capabilities of groups of nursing cows in responding to virtual fence boundaries.
Authors
Marlee A. Tucker Aafke M. Schipper Tempe S.F. Adams Nina Attias Tal Avgar Natarscha L. Babic Kristin J. Barker Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau Dominik M. Behr Jerrold L. Belant Dean E. Beyer Jr. Niels Blaum J. David Blount Dirk Bockmuhl Ricardo Luiz Pires Boulhosa Michael B. Brown Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar Francesca Cagnazzi Justin M. Calabrese Rok Cerne Simon Chamaillé-Jammes Aung Nyein Chan Michael J. Chase Yannick Chaval Yvette Chenaux-Ibrahim Seth G. Cherry Dusko Cirovic Emrah Coban Eric K. Cole Laura Conlee Alyson Courtemanch Gabriele Cozzi Sarah C. Davidson Darren DeBloois Nandintsetseg Dejid Vickie DeNicola Arnaud L.J. Desbiez Iain Douglas-Hamilton David Drake Michael Egan Jasper A.J. Eikelboom William F. Fagan Morgan J. Farmer Julian Fennessy Shannon P. Finnegan Christen H. Fleming Bonnie Fournier Nicholas L. Fowler Mariela G. Gantchoff Alexandre Garnier Morten Heim Marco Dietmar Heurich Petra Kaczensky Jonas Kindberg John Durrus Linnell Erling Meisingset Bram Van Moorter Atle Mysterud Manuela Panzacchi Christer Moe Rolandsen Erling Johan Solberg Olav Strand Peter Sunde Nathan J. Svoboda Jonathan Swart Jeffrey J. Thompson Katrina L. Toal Kenneth Uiseb Meredith C. VanAcker Marianela Velilla Tana L. Verzuh Bettina Wachter Brittany L. Wagler Jesse Whittington Martin Wikelski Christopher C. Wilmers George Wittemyer Julie K. Young Filip Zięba Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica Mark A. J. Huijbregts Thomas MuellerAbstract
COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effectson animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and roadavoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019.Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely dueto variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacementsincreased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’1-hour 95th percentiledisplacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint,indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors,highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
Authors
Jennifer James Chedly Kastally Katharina B. Budde Santiago C. González-Martínez Pascal Milesi Tanja Pyhäjärvi Martin Lascoux Paraskevi Alizoti Ricardo Alía Olivier Ambrosio Filippos A Aravanopoulos Georg Von Arx Albet Audrey Francisco Auñón Camilla Avanzi Evangelia Avramidou Francesca Bagnoli Marko Bajc Eduardo Ballesteros Evangelos Barbas José M García Del Barrio Cristina C Bastias Catherine Bastien Giorgia Beffa Raquel Benavides Vanina Benoit Frédéric Bernier Henri Bignalet Guillaume Bodineau Damien Bouic Sabine Brodbeck William Brunetto Jurata Buchovska Corinne Buret Melanie Buy Ana M Cabanillas-Saldaña Bárbara Carvalho Stephen Cavers Fernando Del Caño Sandra Cervantes Nicolas Cheval José M Climent Marianne Correard Eva Cremer Darius Danusevičius Benjamin Dauphin Jean-Luc Denou Bernard Dokhelar Alexis Ducousso Bruno Fady Patricia Faivre-Rampant Anna-Maria Farsakoglou Patrick Fonti Ioannis Ganopoulos Olivier Gilg Nicolas De Girardi René Graf Alan Gray Delphine Grivet Felix Gugerli Christoph Hartleitner Katrin Heer Enja Hollenbach Agathe Hurel Bernard Issenhuth Florence Jean Véronique Jorge Arnaud Jouineau Jan-Philipp Kappner Robert Kesälahti Florian Knutzen Sonja T Kujala Timo A Kumpula Katri Kärkkäinen Mariaceleste Labriola Celine Lalanne Johannes Lambertz Gregoire Le-Provost Vincent Lejeune Isabelle Lesur-Kupin Joseph Levillain Mirko Liesebach David López-Quiroga Ermioni Malliarou Jérémy Marchon Nicolas Mariotte Antonio Mas Silvia Matesanz Benjamin Meier Helge Meischner Célia Michotey Sandro Morganti Tor Myking Daniel Nievergelt Anne Eskild Nilsen Eduardo Notivol Dario Isidro Ojeda Alayon Sanna Olsson Lars Opgenoorth Geir Østreng Birte Pakull Annika Perry Sara Pinosio Andrea Piotti Christophe Plomion Nicolas Poinot Mehdi Pringarbe Luc Puzos Annie Raffin José A Ramírez-Valiente Christian Rellstab Dourthe Remi Oliver Reutimann Sebastian Richter Juan J Robledo-Arnuncio Odile Rogier Elisabet Martínez Sancho Outi Savolainen Simone Scalabrin Volker Schneck Silvio Schueler Ivan Scotti Sergio San Segundo Vladimir Semerikov Lenka Slámová Ilaria Spanu Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Jean Thevenet Mari Mette Tollefsrud Norbert Turion Fernando Valladares Giovanni G. Vendramin Marc Villar Marjana Westergren Johan WestinAbstract
New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.
Authors
Anita SønstebyAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Raúl Ochoa-Hueso Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo Anita C. Risch Louise Ashton David Augustine Nicolas Bélanger Scott Bridgham Andrea J. Britton Viktor J. Bruckman J. Julio Camarero Gerard Cornelissen John A. Crawford Feike A. Dijkstra Amanda Diochon Stevan Earl James Edgerley Howard Epstein Andrew Felton Julien Fortier Daniel Gagnon Ken Greer Hannah M. Griffiths Caroline Halde Hans Martin Hanslin Lorna I. Harris Jeremy A. Hartsock Paul Hendrickson Knut Anders Hovstad Jia Hu Arun D. Jani Kelcy Kent Deirdre Kerdraon-Byrne Sat Darshan S. Khalsa Derrick Y. F. Lai France Lambert Jalene M. LaMontagne Stéphanie Lavergne Beth A. Lawrence Kim Littke Abigail C. Leeper Mark A. Licht Mark A. Liebig Joshua Lynn Janet E. Maclean Vegard Martinsen Marshall D. McDaniel Anne C. S. McIntosh Jessica R. Miesel Jim Miller Michael J. Mulvaney Gerardo Moreno Laura Newstead Robin J. Pakeman Jan Pergl Bradley D. Pinno Juan Piñeiro Kathleen Quigley Troy M. Radtke Paul Reed Víctor Rolo Jennifer Rudgers P. Michael Rutherford Emma J. Sayer Lilia Serrano-Grijalva Maria Strack Nicole Sukdeo Andy F. S. Taylor Benoit Truax Leonard J. S. Tsuji Natasja van Gestel Brenda M. Vaness Kevin Van Sundert Michaela Vítková Robert Weigel Meaghan J. Wilton Yuriko Yano Ewing Teen Eric BremerAbstract
Understanding the chemical composition of our planet's crust was one of the biggest questions of the 20th century. More than 100 years later, we are still far from understanding the global patterns in the bioavailability and spatial coupling of elements in topsoils worldwide, despite their importance for the productivity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we measured the bioavailability and coupling of thirteen macro- and micronutrients and phytotoxic elements in topsoils (3–8 cm) from a range of terrestrial ecosystems across all continents (∼10,000 observations) and in response to global change manipulations (∼5,000 observations). For this, we incubated between 1 and 4 pairs of anionic and cationic exchange membranes per site for a mean period of 53 days. The most bioavailable elements (Ca, Mg, and K) were also amongst the most abundant in the crust. Patterns of bioavailability were biome-dependent and controlled by soil properties such as pH, organic matter content and texture, plant cover, and climate. However, global change simulations resulted in important alterations in the bioavailability of elements. Elements were highly coupled, and coupling was predictable by the atomic properties of elements, particularly mass, mass to charge ratio, and second ionization energy. Deviations from the predictable coupling-atomic mass relationship were attributed to global change and agriculture. Our work illustrates the tight links between the bioavailability and coupling of topsoil elements and environmental context, human activities, and atomic properties of elements, thus deeply enhancing our integrated understanding of the biogeochemical connections that underlie the productivity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world.