Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2021
Abstract
Over recent decades, climate change has been particularly severe in the Mediterranean basin, where the intensity and frequency of drought events have had a significant effect on tree growth and mortality. In this context, differences in structural and physiological strategies between tree species could help to mitigate the damage inflicted by climate variability and drought events. Here, we used dendroecological approaches to observe common associations (synchrony) between indexed ring width in Pinus pinea and P. pinaster, as a measure of degree of dependence on climate variation or growth sensitivity to climate, as well as to analyze species growth responses to drought events through the Lloret’s indices of resistance, recovery and resilience. Based on data from 75 mixed and pure plots installed in the Northern Plateau of Spain, we used modeling tools to detect the effect of the mixture, along with climate and stand-related variables, on the short-term responses and long-term growth sensitivity to climate. Our results showed a trade-off between resistance and recovery after the drought episodes. In addition, different attributes of tree species, such as age and size as well as stand density seemed to act synergistically and compensate drought stress in different ways. The presence of age and quadratic mean diameter as covariates in the final synchrony model for P. pinaster reflected the influence of other variables as modulators of growth response to climate. Furthermore, differences in growth synchrony in mixed and monospecific composition suggested the existence of interactions between the two species and some degree of temporal niche complementarity. In mixed stands, P. pinaster exhibited a lower sensitivity to climate than in monospecific composition, whereas P. pinea enhanced its resistance to extreme droughts. These results allowed us to identify the species-specific behavior of P. pinea and P. pinaster to mitigate vulnerability to climate-related extremes.
2020
Authors
Isa Nergård SkjelbostadAbstract
Abstract In 2016 Chronic Wasting Disease was discovered in Nordfjella, Norway for the first time in a female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Since then Norwegian nature management have implemented several measures in the affected area in Nordfjella and its surrounding municipalities to stop the spread of the prion disease. The prions’ long viability in soil outside of a host body increases the risk of spillover to other cervid species. The risk is especially high for the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population of Lærdal being the densest population in the Nordfjella region, and with its overlapping summer ranges with the affected reindeer herd. Norwegian red deer have been studied for a long time and a lot is known about their broad scale habitat selection and seasonal migration patterns. However, little is known about when and why the red deer repeatedly use the same locations on a fine scale, which has become a more relevant topic now as it may facilitate disease transmission. With location data from 14 red deer in Lærdal from 2017 to 2019, and through field work in Lærdal, I have quantified the proportion of spatial clusters containing natural forage, supplemental forage aimed for cervids and supplemental forage not aimed for cervids. I have also been able to quantify the seasonal pattern of number of spatial clusters. I found that non-intentional feeding caused as much as 31% of the clustering in infield habitats, and that most of this was in the form of leftover silage dumped in fields. I found that non-intentional feeding facilitates the contact between cervid species, and that it therefore can facilitate the spillover of Chronic Wasting Disease from reindeer, through red deer, and to roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) or other cervid species that do not have overlapping ranges with reindeer. Aggregation in infield habitat and around non-intentional feeding was more frequent during periods with more snow. Lastly, I discovered during the field work that even though there is a requirement of fencing in hay bales to help minimize aggregation of cervids in Lærdal, there were several cases of lack of compliance to this. To reduce the amount of contact within red deer and between cervid species additional measures to limit the amount of silage dumped in fields may need to be installed. In addition, it may be necessary to enforce the requirement of fencing around hay bales to ensure compliance.
Authors
Bob Eric Helmuth van Oort Grete Kaare Hovelsrud Camilla Risvoll Christian Wilhelm Mohr Solveig JoreAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Hanne Kathrine Sjølie Clara Anton-Fernandez Luiz Goulart Jogeir N. Stokland Gregory S. Latta Birger SolbergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Elisabet Martínez-Sancho Lenka Slámová Sandro Morganti Claudio Grefen Barbara Carvalho Benjamin Dauphin Christian Rellstab Felix Gugerli Lars Opgenoorth Katrin Heer Florian Knutzen Georg von Arx Fernando Valladares Stephen Cavers Bruno Fady Ricardo Alía Filippos Aravanopoulos Camilla Avanzi Francesca Bagnoli Evangelos Barbas Catherine Bastien Raquel Benavides Frédéric Bernier Guillaume Bodineau Cristina C. Bastias Jean-Paul Charpentier José M. Climent Marianne Corréard Florence Courdier Darius Danusevicius Anna-Maria Farsakoglou José M. García del Barrio Olivier Gilg Santiago C. González-Martínez Alan Gray Christoph Hartleitner Agathe Hurel Arnaud Jouineau Katri Kärkkäinen Sonja T. Kujala Mariaceleste Labriola Martin Lascoux Marlène Lefebvre Vincent Lejeune Grégoire Le-Provost Mirko Liesebach Ermioni Malliarou Nicolas Mariotte Silvia Matesanz Célia Michotey Pascal Milesi Tor Myking Eduardo Notivol Birte Pakull Andrea Piotti Christophe Plomion Mehdi Pringarbe Tanja Pyhäjärvi Annie Raffin José A. Ramírez-Valiente Kurt Ramskogler Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio Outi Savolainen Silvio Schueler Vladimir Semerikov Ilaria Spanu Jean Thévenet Mari Mette Tollefsrud Norbert Turion Dominique Veisse Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin Marc Villar Johan Westin Patrick FontiAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Eduardo Collado Carles Castano Jose Antonio Bonet Andreas Hagenbo Juan Martínez de Aragon Sergio de-MiguelAbstract
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Authors
Stefano Puliti Marius Hauglin Johannes Breidenbach Paul M. Montesano C.S.R. Neigh Johannes Rahlf Svein Solberg Torgeir Ferdinand Klingenberg Rasmus AstrupAbstract
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Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Henrik Heräjärvi Pia Katila Mikko Kurttila Markus Lier Antti Mutanen Knut Øistad Johanna Routa Pekka Saranpää Anne Tolvanen Jari ViitanenEditors
Camilla WidmarkAbstract
The forests in Nordic countries have been a source of food, products and welfare for both local communities and for the nations as long as there has been any settlement. More recently, the way the forest supports the climate has become more pronounced. However, humans now face major challenges due to climate change as well as societal and environmental challenges. Fundamental changes are needed to ensure future prosperity in the face of growing resource depletion, climate changes and environmental degradation. What has become clear is that fossil dependence must be overcome and be replaced with bio-based materials and innovations to support the more efficient use of resources — thus, creating a more bioeconomy-based society. This report describes the role of the forest in bioeconomy transformation and green innovation in the northern part of Europe — Finland, Norway and Sweden — and highlights the challenges facing forests in this emerging bioeconomy. These countries are also part of the Barents area, thus the northern part of Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia. In summary, the report discusses several common features and lessons learned from these countries: • Forests are crucial for the development of sustainable bioeconomy in the Nordic countries in substituting fossil fuel-based materials and energy. Forest biomass has a large potential for developing new bio-based products. • Bioeconomy and circular economy transformation depend on both technical and social innovations together with societies adapting to a bio-based sustainable future, which emphasises the ecologic, economic, and social functions of forests. In policymaking and forest management, synergies need to be realised and trade-offs evaluated and addressed in forest management in general. • Bioeconomy transformation is driven by the development of forest value chains and innovations based on forest biomass, in which research and development go hand in hand with investments and policy regulations. • Consumers are a main driver of bioeconomy transformation replacing the demand of fossil-based materials with bio-based. • Choices, both in policy and forest management, have to be made to support the continuous provision of all forest ecosystem services. • The contributions of forest to bioeconomy are regional, national, as well as cross-country (e.g. Baltic, Barents or Nordic), and international (e.g. EU) and the forest’s contribution to bioeconomy has to be considered in relation to properties of the forest, sustainability, innovations, knowledge development, green investment structures as well as national policies.
Authors
Ingmar R. Staude Donald M. Waller Markus Bernhardt-Römermann Anne D. Bjorkman Jörg Brunet Pieter De Frenne Radim Hédl Ute Jandt Jonathan Lenoir František Máliš Kris Verheyen Monika Wulf Henrique M. Pereira Pieter Vangansbeke Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai Remigiusz Pielech Imre Berki Markéta Chudomelová Guillaume Decocq Thomas Dirnböck Tomasz Durak Thilo Heinken Bogdan Jaroszewicz Martin Kopecký Martin Macek Marek Malicki Tobias Naaf Thomas A. Nagel Petr Petřík Kamila Reczyńska Fride Høistad Schei Wolfgang Schmidt Tibor Standovár Krzysztof Świerkosz Balázs Teleki Hans Van Calster Ondřej Vild Lander BaetenAbstract
Biodiversity time series reveal global losses and accelerated redistributions of species, but no net loss in local species richness. To better understand how these patterns are linked, we quantify how individual species trajectories scale up to diversity changes using data from 68 vegetation resurvey studies of seminatural forests in Europe. Herb-layer species with small geographic ranges are being replaced by more widely distributed species, and our results suggest that this is due less to species abundances than to species nitrogen niches. Nitrogen deposition accelerates the extinctions of small-ranged, nitrogen-efficient plants and colonization by broadly distributed, nitrogen-demanding plants (including non-natives). Despite no net change in species richness at the spatial scale of a study site, the losses of small-ranged species reduce biome-scale (gamma) diversity. These results provide one mechanism to explain the directional replacement of small-ranged species within sites and thus explain patterns of biodiversity change across spatial scales.