Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
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Payel Bhattacharjee Mari Talgø Syvertsen Igor A. Yakovlev Torgeir Rhoden Hvidsten Tengs Torstein Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Marcos Viejo Carl Gunnar Fossdal Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenAbstract
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Payel Bhattacharjee Mari Talgø Syvertsen Igor A. Yakovlev Marcos Viejo Somoano Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Torgeir Rhoden Hvidsten Carl Gunnar Fossdal Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenAbstract
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Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogenic oomycete that causes crown rot in strawberry leading to significant economic losses every year. To invade the host, P. cactorum secretes an arsenal of effectors that can manipulate host physiology and impair its defense system promoting infection. A transcriptome analysis was conducted on a susceptible wild strawberry genotype (Fragaria vesca) 48 hours post inoculation with P. cactorum to identify effectors expressed during the early infection stage. The analysis revealed 4,668 P. cactorum genes expressed during infection of F. vesca. A total of 539 secreted proteins encoded by transcripts were identified, including 120 carbohydrate-active enzymes, 40 RXLRs, 23 proteolytic enzymes, nine elicitins, seven cysteine rich proteins, seven necrosis inducing proteins and 216 hypothetical proteins with unknown function. Twenty of the 40 RXLR effector candidates were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana using agroinfiltration and five previously unreported RXLR effector genes (Pc741, Pc8318, Pc10890, Pc20813, and Pc22290) triggered cell death when transiently expressed. The identified cell death inducing RXLR effectors showed 31–66% identity to known RXLR effectors in different Phytophthora species having roles in pathogenicity including both activation and suppression of defense response in the host. Furthermore, homology analysis revealed that these cell death inducing RXLR effectors were highly conserved (82 - 100% identity) across 23 different strains of P. cactorum originating from apple or strawberry.
Authors
Muath Alsheik Merethe Bagge May Bente Brurberg Aakash Chawade Timmermann Christiansen Pawel Chrominski Jahn Davik Susann Herzog Liina Jakobson Hans-Arne Krogsti Fredrik Reslow Terje Tähtjärv Ramesh Vetukuri Susanne Windju Nikolai Ødegaard Rodomiro OrtizAbstract
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Ngan Bao HuynhAbstract
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Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Magne Nordang Skårn Venche Talgø Martin Pettersson Inger Sundheim Fløistad Gunn Strømeng May Bente Brurberg Arne StensvandAbstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis spp., is a serious problem in Norway spruce seedling production in forest nurseries. From 2013 to 2019, 125 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from eight forest nurseries in Norway: 53 from Norway spruce seedlings, 16 from indoor air, 52 from indoor surfaces, and four from weeds growing close to seedlings. The majority of isolates were identified as B. cinerea, and over 60% of these were characterized as Botrytis group S. B. pseudocinerea isolates were obtained along with isolates with DNA sequence similarities to B. prunorum. Fungicide resistance was assessed with a mycelial growth assay, and resistance was found for the following: boscalid (8.8%), fenhexamid (33.6%), fludioxonil (17.6%), pyraclostrobin (36.0%), pyrimethanil (13.6%), and thiophanate-methyl (50.4%). Many isolates (38.4%) were resistant to two to six different fungicides. A selection of isolates was analyzed for the presence of known resistance-conferring mutations in the cytb, erg27, mrr1, sdhB, and tubA genes, and mutations leading to G143A, F412S, ΔL497, H272R, and E198A/F200Y were detected, respectively. Detection of fungicide resistance in Botrytis from Norway spruce and forest nursery facilities reinforces the necessity of employing resistance management strategies to improve control and delay development of fungicide resistance in the gray mold pathogens.